Industrial Employment standing orders

Question 1

The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 applies to establishments employing at least: a) 50 workers b) 100 workers c) 250 workers d) 500 workers

Answer 1

b) 100 workers

Question 2

The Act was enacted to: a) Regulate employer-employee relations b) Prevent strikes c) Increase worker wages d) Control trade unions

Answer 2

a) Regulate employer-employee relations

Question 3

Standing orders define: a) Disciplinary procedures b) Terms of employment c) Grievance redressal d) All of the above

Answer 3

d) All of the above

Question 4

Who approves standing orders in an establishment? a) Employer b) Labour Commissioner c) Certifying Officer d) Trade Union Leader

Answer 4

c) Certifying Officer

Question 5

Which section deals with submission of draft standing orders? a) Section 3 b) Section 4 c) Section 5 d) Section 6

Answer 5

a) Section 3

Question 6

Within how many days must an employer submit draft standing orders after the Act applies to them? a) 15 days b) 30 days c) 60 days d) 90 days

Answer 6

b) 30 days

Question 7

Which section specifies the conditions for certification of standing orders? a) Section 2 b) Section 4 c) Section 6 d) Section 7

Answer 7

b) Section 4

Question 8

What is the role of the Certifying Officer under the Act? a) Approve or modify standing orders b) Implement government labour policies c) Conduct worker training d) None of the above

Answer 8

a) Approve or modify standing orders

Question 9

Standing orders should be: a) Unclear to allow employer flexibility b) As general as possible c) Precise and clear d) Optional for factories

Answer 9

c) Precise and clear

Question 10

What is the minimum number of workers needed for a Model Standing Order to be applicable? a) 50 b) 100 c) 250 d) 500

Answer 10

b) 100

Question 11

Which schedule of the Act provides matters to be covered in standing orders? a) First Schedule b) Second Schedule c) Third Schedule d) Fourth Schedule

Answer 11

a) First Schedule

Question 12

Who has the power to modify standing orders? a) Employer b) Trade Union c) Certifying Officer d) Labour Court

Answer 12

c) Certifying Officer

Question 13

Under which section can an employer appeal against modifications to standing orders? a) Section 3 b) Section 4 c) Section 6 d) Section 7

Answer 13

c) Section 6

Question 14

How long is the validity of certified standing orders? a) 1 year b) 2 years c) 3 years d) Until modified

Answer 14

d) Until modified

Question 15

Which government body ensures compliance with the Act? a) Labour Commissioner b) Industrial Tribunal c) Supreme Court d) State Government

Answer 15

a) Labour Commissioner

Question 16

The First Schedule includes provisions related to: a) Leave rules b) Work hours c) Classification of workers d) All of the above

Answer 16

d) All of the above

Question 17

Who can file an appeal against the Certifying Officer’s decision? a) Employer only b) Workers only c) Employer or workers d) Government only

Answer 17

c) Employer or workers

Question 18

Which section provides penalties for not complying with standing orders? a) Section 9 b) Section 10 c) Section 11 d) Section 12

Answer 18

b) Section 10

Question 19

What is the penalty for non-compliance with standing orders? a) ₹100 fine per day b) ₹5000 fine c) ₹500 fine d) ₹2000 fine

Answer 19

b) ₹5000 fine

Question 20

How many copies of the draft standing orders must be submitted? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

Answer 20

c) 3

Question 21

Which of the following is not mandatory under the Act? a) Grievance procedure b) Misconduct rules c) Bonus policy d) Classification of workers

Answer 21

c) Bonus policy

Question 22

Which of the following is not covered under standing orders? a) Suspension b) Termination c) Promotion d) Holidays

Answer 22

c) Promotion

Question 23

Who appoints the Certifying Officer? a) Employer b) Central Government c) State Government d) Labour Court

Answer 23

c) State Government

Question 24

A standing order comes into effect after how many days of certification? a) 7 days b) 15 days c) 30 days d) 60 days

Answer 24

c) 30 days

Question 25

Standing orders apply to: a) Permanent workers only b) Temporary workers only c) All employees except apprentices d) All employees including apprentices

Answer 25

c) All employees except apprentices

Question 26

Who is responsible for enforcing compliance with standing orders? a) Trade Union b) Labour Commissioner c) Certifying Officer d) Employees

Answer 26

b) Labour Commissioner

Question 27

Standing orders must be displayed: a) In the employer’s office only b) On the company website c) At a prominent place in the establishment d) Only in HR records

Answer 27

c) At a prominent place in the establishment

Question 28

What is the main purpose of Standing Orders? a) Ensure fair labor practices b) Reduce wages of workers c) Give employers more power d) Prevent formation of Trade Unions

Answer 28

a) Ensure fair labor practices

Question 29

Which type of industries does the Act primarily apply to? a) Manufacturing industries b) Service industries c) IT companies d) All industries with 100+ workers

Answer 29

d) All industries with 100+ workers

Question 30

Who drafts standing orders in an establishment? a) Employer b) Certifying Officer c) Employees d) Trade Union

Answer 30

a) Employer

Question 31

If a company has less than 100 employees, are standing orders mandatory? a) Yes, in all cases b) No, unless State Government extends the Act c) Only if employees demand it d) No, they are always optional

Answer 31

b) No, unless State Government extends the Act

Question 32

Can an employer change standing orders at will? a) Yes, anytime b) No, they must follow the procedure c) Only if employees approve d) Yes, if they pay a penalty

Answer 32

b) No, they must follow the procedure

Question 33

Which body hears appeals against modifications of standing orders? a) High Court b) Supreme Court c) Labour Tribunal d) Appellate Authority

Answer 33

d) Appellate Authority

Question 34

The Act is a part of which broader category of laws? a) Tax Laws b) Environmental Laws c) Labour Laws d) Criminal Laws

Answer 34

c) Labour Laws

Question 35

Failure to submit standing orders within 30 days can result in: a) Fine up to ₹5000 b) Closure of the establishment c) Cancellation of employer’s license d) No penalty

Answer 35

a) Fine up to ₹5000

Question 36

Can an individual employee appeal against a standing order? a) No, only a Trade Union can appeal b) Yes, but only if more than 50% workers support c) Yes, but only after certification d) No, only employers can appeal

Answer 36

c) Yes, but only after certification

Question 37

The objective of the Act is to: a) Reduce employer-employee conflicts b) Increase industrial profits c) Support employer's authority d) Replace Trade Unions

Answer 37

a) Reduce employer-employee conflicts

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT included in Standing Orders? a) Work Timings b) Disciplinary Rules c) Tax Deduction Policy d) Termination Rules

Answer 38

c) Tax Deduction Policy

Question 39

Once certified, standing orders become: a) Optional guidelines b) Legally binding rules c) Advisory notices d) Employer’s private policy

Answer 39

b) Legally binding rules

Question 40

Standing orders must be written in a language: a) Understood by employees b) Decided by the employer c) Specified by the government d) Always in English

Answer 40

a) Understood by employees

Question 41

Amendments to standing orders require: a) Employer’s approval only b) Approval from the Certifying Officer c) Employee consent only d) No approval, they can be changed anytime

Answer 41

b) Approval from the Certifying Officer

Question 42

An establishment violating standing orders is: a) Subject to penalties under the Act b) Automatically shut down c) Required to hire a legal advisor d) Given a government subsidy

Answer 42

a) Subject to penalties under the Act

Question 43

The Act provides job security to workers by: a) Regulating termination procedures b) Increasing their wages c) Allowing them to form groups d) Restricting employer profits

Answer 43

a) Regulating termination procedures

Question 44

Who decides the final version of a standing order in case of a dispute? a) Employer b) Certifying Officer c) Workers d) Industrial Tribunal

Answer 44

b) Certifying Officer

Question 45

Standing Orders are mainly beneficial to: a) Employees b) Employers c) The Government d) Lawyers

Answer 45

a) Employees

Question 46

If an employer does not comply with standing orders, employees can: a) File a complaint with Labour Authorities b) Stop working without notice c) Demand salary hikes d) Get transferred to another company

Answer 46

a) File a complaint with Labour Authorities

Question 47

Which legal principle is strengthened by the Act? a) Rule of Law in workplaces b) Doctrine of Pleasure c) Right to Property d) Right to Privacy

Answer 47

a) Rule of Law in workplaces

Question 48

Standing orders must be displayed in: a) The employer’s cabin b) The employee's home c) A visible place in the workplace d) The Labour Ministry's office

Answer 48

c) A visible place in the workplace

Question 49

Are contract workers covered under the Act? a) Yes, always b) No, they are not included c) Only if State Government notifies d) Only if employer agrees

Answer 49

c) Only if State Government notifies

Question 50

The Act ensures: a) Protection of worker rights b) Unfair dismissal of employees c) More employer control d) Reduction in job benefits

Answer 50

a) Protection of worker rights

Question 51

The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act was enacted in: a) 1946 b) 1956 c) 1965 d) 1971

Answer 51

a) 1946

Question 52

Standing Orders must be prepared in accordance with the: a) Model Standing Orders b) Employer’s preference c) State Government’s guidelines d) Employee Union’s demands

Answer 52

a) Model Standing Orders

Question 53

An employer’s failure to get Standing Orders certified can result in: a) A warning only b) Fine up to ₹5000 c) Imprisonment of 6 months d) Cancellation of business license

Answer 53

b) Fine up to ₹5000

Question 54

If an establishment has no certified standing orders, what applies by default? a) Employer’s HR Policy b) Model Standing Orders c) Trade Union Agreement d) State Government Orders

Answer 54

b) Model Standing Orders

Question 55

The term "Standing Orders" refers to: a) Employer’s instructions to employees b) Rules governing conditions of employment c) Regulations for Trade Unions d) Orders issued by the Labour Commissioner

Answer 55

b) Rules governing conditions of employment

Question 56

Under the Act, who is considered a "workman"? a) Managerial staff only b) Supervisory staff only c) Employees performing skilled/unskilled work d) Government employees

Answer 56

c) Employees performing skilled/unskilled work

Question 57

Standing Orders are enforceable under which legal category? a) Criminal Law b) Administrative Law c) Labour Law d) Corporate Law

Answer 57

c) Labour Law

Question 58

When were the Model Standing Orders first introduced? a) 1946 b) 1953 c) 1964 d) 1972

Answer 58

a) 1946

Question 59

Who has the final authority in certifying Standing Orders? a) Employer b) Labour Commissioner c) Certifying Officer d) Employees

Answer 59

c) Certifying Officer

Question 60

Can an establishment have different standing orders for different categories of workers? a) Yes, if approved by the Certifying Officer b) No, all employees must have the same rules c) Only if Trade Unions agree d) No, the Act prohibits this

Answer 60

a) Yes, if approved by the Certifying Officer

Question 61

The term "Certifying Officer" refers to: a) The employer’s HR Manager b) A government-appointed official who approves standing orders c) The Trade Union Leader d) The Chief Justice of India

Answer 61

b) A government-appointed official who approves standing orders

Question 62

Under the Act, a workman can be suspended for: a) Misconduct b) Low productivity c) Absence without permission d) All of the above

Answer 62

d) All of the above

Question 63

Can Standing Orders be challenged in court? a) No, they are final once certified b) Yes, if they are unfair or violate worker rights c) Only if the employer agrees d) No, courts do not interfere in labour matters

Answer 63

b) Yes, if they are unfair or violate worker rights

Question 64

The primary aim of the Act is to: a) Give full control to employers b) Maintain discipline in industries c) Protect workers from arbitrary actions of employers d) Ensure compliance with tax laws

Answer 64

c) Protect workers from arbitrary actions of employers

Question 65

Can an employer delay submission of Standing Orders? a) Yes, without any penalty b) No, they must submit within 30 days c) Yes, if they inform employees d) No, but they can submit within 6 months

Answer 65

b) No, they must submit within 30 days

Question 66

What happens if a company modifies Standing Orders without approval? a) No consequences b) Workers must accept the changes c) The modification is legally invalid d) The employer is automatically fined

Answer 66

c) The modification is legally invalid

Question 67

Which of these is an essential component of Standing Orders? a) Promotion policies b) Disciplinary procedures c) Investment policies d) Financial audits

Answer 67

b) Disciplinary procedures

Question 68

Can an employer refuse to implement Certified Standing Orders? a) Yes, if they provide an alternative b) No, they are legally binding c) Yes, if they get a stay order d) No, but they can negotiate with workers

Answer 68

b) No, they are legally binding

Question 69

The Appellate Authority under the Act is: a) The employer b) The Supreme Court c) The High Court d) The Labour Tribunal

Answer 69

d) The Labour Tribunal

Question 70

Are apprentices covered under the Act? a) Yes, always b) No, they are specifically excluded c) Only in certain industries d) Only if they are permanent employees

Answer 70

b) No, they are specifically excluded

Question 71

Which of the following is not a requirement in Standing Orders? a) Termination procedures b) Holidays c) Overtime payment d) Employer’s profit-sharing ratio

Answer 71

d) Employer’s profit-sharing ratio

Question 72

What is the appeal period for challenging Standing Orders? a) 7 days b) 15 days c) 30 days d) 60 days

Answer 72

c) 30 days

Question 73

Can a State Government exempt certain industries from the Act? a) Yes, with justification b) No, the Act applies universally c) Only with Parliament’s approval d) No, but they can amend certain sections

Answer 73

a) Yes, with justification

Question 74

In which case did the Supreme Court emphasize the binding nature of certified standing orders? a) Western India Match Co. Ltd. v. Workmen b) State of Maharashtra v. Maruti c) Air India v. Nergesh Meerza d) Balmer Lawrie v. Employees Union

Answer 74

a) Western India Match Co. Ltd. v. Workmen

Question 75

The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 ensures: a) Transparency in employment conditions b) The right to permanent employment c) Workers’ participation in company management d) Free training for employees

Answer 75

a) Transparency in employment conditions