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Industrial Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

What is batch processing?

A

An industrial process in which a product is made in a vessel during a definite time interval, and is then removed from the vessel

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1
Q

Name a reaction of which ammonia is made

A

It’s sold to coca cola when making H2

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2
Q

Define continuous processing

A

An industrial process in which the reactants are continuously fed into the reaction vessel, and the products are continuously removed

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3
Q

Define Semi continuous processing

A

An industrial process in which part of the process is continuous and part is batch

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4
Q

Give and example of semi continuous processing

A

Beer brewing is continuous but gases are added in batch

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5
Q

What is feedstock produced from?

A

Raw materials

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6
Q

What is feedstock in the industrial process?

A

The reactants

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7
Q

What does H2 and N2 make?

A

NH3

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8
Q

How is the reaction rate optimised?

A

Using the correct temperature, pressure and catalyst

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9
Q

What is a co-product?

A

It’s a product that can often be formed along the main product formed

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10
Q

Can co-products be sold seperately?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is industrial chemistry used for?

A

Health, medicine, fertilisers, herbicides, metals, plastic and paints

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12
Q

What factors must be controlled in industrial chemistry?

A

Air emissions, disposal of waste, disposal of waste water

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13
Q

What are used throughout industrial processes to ensure quality?

A

Gas chromotography, infa-red spectroscopy is used throughout a process

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14
Q

Can catalyst performance be measured?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What safety precautions are taken in industry?

A

Monitoring hazards, training, first aid, fire fighting and site location

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16
Q

What are fixed costs in industry?

A

Costs that have to be paid regardless of the rate of production

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17
Q

Give an example of fixed costs

A

Labour, plant depreciation, land rental, loan payment

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18
Q

What are variable costs in an industrial process?

A

Costs that depend directly on the level of plant output

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19
Q

Give an example of a variable cost

A

Heat, electricity, raw materials and waste disposal

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20
Q

What is magnesium oxide made from?

A

Sea water

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21
Q

What type of process is magnesium oxide?

A

Continuous

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22
Q

What is the melting point of periclase?

23
Q

Is pure periclase reactive

A

No it is unreactice

24
Why is steel used in industrial vessels?
High melting point, unreactice, won't erode or react during experiment
25
Why is glass used during industrial processing?
It's transparent, monitoring process
26
Why is catalyst performance measured?
To ensure quality
27
When making magnesium oxide, where is sea water taken from?
The boyne
28
Name the plant where magnesium oxide is made
Premier periclase plant
29
How is CO2 removed during the process of making magnesium oxide?
It is acidified and passed through air to remove CO2
30
How are sand particles removed?
They are allowed to settle
31
Where does the magnesium oxide reaction take place?
In a large cylindrical tank
32
Is this process fast?
Yes
33
At what temperature is magnesium hydroxide converted to magnesium oxide?
900*C
34
What machine is used to convert magnesium oxide into pellets?
A kiln
35
Describe magnesium oxide
Brown and unreactive
36
Name a co-product formed when making magnesium oxide
Calcium chloride
37
What is the product yield for magnesium oxide?
2g per litre of sea water
38
What are the raw materials needed to make Magnesiumoxide?
Calcium hydroxide, found in limestone and sea water
39
How are the raw materials treated before making Magnesiumoxide?
They are acidified by adding (H2SO4) their pH is lowered. They are also clarified, this means solids are allowed to settle.
40
Name one product from this reaction that if discharged could cause pollution
Magnesium oxide (pure periclase)
41
State the main use of Magnesiumoxide
It is used for building walls in furnaces
42
State why mangnesium oxide (periclase ) manufacture is located in Drogheda
It's near the boyne river, near raw materials, near colleges meaning many skilled employees
43
State one advantage of batch processing
It allows for the vessel to be cleaned in between processes
44
State one advantage of continuous processing
It is more efficient than batch processing as it is ongoing
45
Give one major commercial use of nitrogen gas
It is used in oil tankers, used in crisp packages opposed to oxygen (storing food), it prevents the growth of bacteria
46
Explain why nitrogen gas is chemically inert
It has a triple bond and is unreactive
47
What is meant by fixation of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen is broken down by plants during photosynthesis
48
How much of air is nitrogen?
78%
49
How much of air is oxygen?
21%
50
Describe how atmospheric nitrogen gas is fixed by lightening
Lightening splits nitrogen in two. It combines with other gases in the atmosphere and is taken in by plants
51
What substances are removed in the purification of the air feedstock before it is liquified?
Carbon dioxide, water vapour and dust
52
State whether fractional distillation is a continuous process of a batch process
Continuous
53
Name and give one industrial use of a co-product of the fractional distillation of air
Carbon dioxide is the gas that creates the fizziness in fizzy drinks
54
Describe how fractional distillation of the pure liquid air is carried out
In fractional distillation air - 185*C in the fractional distillation column. Oxygen is a liquid at this temperature whilst nitrogen is a gas. Both are seperate and then sold to different companies.
55
At what temperature does nitrogen liquefy?
190*C
56
At what temperature does oxygen liquefy?
183*C

Chemistry (9 decks)

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