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Chemistry > Industrial Chemistry > Flashcards

Industrial Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

What is batch processing?

A

An industrial process in which a product is made in a vessel during a definite time interval, and is then removed from the vessel

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1
Q

Name a reaction of which ammonia is made

A

It’s sold to coca cola when making H2

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2
Q

Define continuous processing

A

An industrial process in which the reactants are continuously fed into the reaction vessel, and the products are continuously removed

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3
Q

Define Semi continuous processing

A

An industrial process in which part of the process is continuous and part is batch

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4
Q

Give and example of semi continuous processing

A

Beer brewing is continuous but gases are added in batch

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5
Q

What is feedstock produced from?

A

Raw materials

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6
Q

What is feedstock in the industrial process?

A

The reactants

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7
Q

What does H2 and N2 make?

A

NH3

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8
Q

How is the reaction rate optimised?

A

Using the correct temperature, pressure and catalyst

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9
Q

What is a co-product?

A

It’s a product that can often be formed along the main product formed

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10
Q

Can co-products be sold seperately?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is industrial chemistry used for?

A

Health, medicine, fertilisers, herbicides, metals, plastic and paints

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12
Q

What factors must be controlled in industrial chemistry?

A

Air emissions, disposal of waste, disposal of waste water

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13
Q

What are used throughout industrial processes to ensure quality?

A

Gas chromotography, infa-red spectroscopy is used throughout a process

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14
Q

Can catalyst performance be measured?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What safety precautions are taken in industry?

A

Monitoring hazards, training, first aid, fire fighting and site location

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16
Q

What are fixed costs in industry?

A

Costs that have to be paid regardless of the rate of production

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17
Q

Give an example of fixed costs

A

Labour, plant depreciation, land rental, loan payment

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18
Q

What are variable costs in an industrial process?

A

Costs that depend directly on the level of plant output

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19
Q

Give an example of a variable cost

A

Heat, electricity, raw materials and waste disposal

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20
Q

What is magnesium oxide made from?

A

Sea water

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21
Q

What type of process is magnesium oxide?

A

Continuous

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22
Q

What is the melting point of periclase?

A

2800*C

23
Q

Is pure periclase reactive

A

No it is unreactice

24
Q

Why is steel used in industrial vessels?

A

High melting point, unreactice, won’t erode or react during experiment

25
Q

Why is glass used during industrial processing?

A

It’s transparent, monitoring process

26
Q

Why is catalyst performance measured?

A

To ensure quality

27
Q

When making magnesium oxide, where is sea water taken from?

A

The boyne

28
Q

Name the plant where magnesium oxide is made

A

Premier periclase plant

29
Q

How is CO2 removed during the process of making magnesium oxide?

A

It is acidified and passed through air to remove CO2

30
Q

How are sand particles removed?

A

They are allowed to settle

31
Q

Where does the magnesium oxide reaction take place?

A

In a large cylindrical tank

32
Q

Is this process fast?

A

Yes

33
Q

At what temperature is magnesium hydroxide converted to magnesium oxide?

A

900*C

34
Q

What machine is used to convert magnesium oxide into pellets?

A

A kiln

35
Q

Describe magnesium oxide

A

Brown and unreactive

36
Q

Name a co-product formed when making magnesium oxide

A

Calcium chloride

37
Q

What is the product yield for magnesium oxide?

A

2g per litre of sea water

38
Q

What are the raw materials needed to make Magnesiumoxide?

A

Calcium hydroxide, found in limestone and sea water

39
Q

How are the raw materials treated before making Magnesiumoxide?

A

They are acidified by adding (H2SO4) their pH is lowered. They are also clarified, this means solids are allowed to settle.

40
Q

Name one product from this reaction that if discharged could cause pollution

A

Magnesium oxide (pure periclase)

41
Q

State the main use of Magnesiumoxide

A

It is used for building walls in furnaces

42
Q

State why mangnesium oxide (periclase ) manufacture is located in Drogheda

A

It’s near the boyne river, near raw materials, near colleges meaning many skilled employees

43
Q

State one advantage of batch processing

A

It allows for the vessel to be cleaned in between processes

44
Q

State one advantage of continuous processing

A

It is more efficient than batch processing as it is ongoing

45
Q

Give one major commercial use of nitrogen gas

A

It is used in oil tankers, used in crisp packages opposed to oxygen (storing food), it prevents the growth of bacteria

46
Q

Explain why nitrogen gas is chemically inert

A

It has a triple bond and is unreactive

47
Q

What is meant by fixation of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen is broken down by plants during photosynthesis

48
Q

How much of air is nitrogen?

A

78%

49
Q

How much of air is oxygen?

A

21%

50
Q

Describe how atmospheric nitrogen gas is fixed by lightening

A

Lightening splits nitrogen in two. It combines with other gases in the atmosphere and is taken in by plants

51
Q

What substances are removed in the purification of the air feedstock before it is liquified?

A

Carbon dioxide, water vapour and dust

52
Q

State whether fractional distillation is a continuous process of a batch process

A

Continuous

53
Q

Name and give one industrial use of a co-product of the fractional distillation of air

A

Carbon dioxide is the gas that creates the fizziness in fizzy drinks

54
Q

Describe how fractional distillation of the pure liquid air is carried out

A

In fractional distillation air - 185*C in the fractional distillation column. Oxygen is a liquid at this temperature whilst nitrogen is a gas. Both are seperate and then sold to different companies.

55
Q

At what temperature does nitrogen liquefy?

A

190*C

56
Q

At what temperature does oxygen liquefy?

A

183*C

Chemistry (9 decks)

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