Industrial Catalysis

Question 1

Homogeneous cons

Answer 1

often non-recoverable

relatively low turnover

poor catalyst life times/ligands fall off

non-reversible poisoning

Question 2

Homogeneous pros

Answer 2

understanding of mechanisms

very high selectivity

Question 3

Homogeneous solutions

Answer 3

catalyst encapsulation

Covalent Attachment

Water soluble catalysis

non-aqueous ionic ligands

Question 4

Encapsulation pros cons

Answer 4

pros

• no leeching
• easy to recover
• zeolite is soluble

cons

• hard to study, make, control

Question 5

encapsulation proof

Answer 5

• no leeching
• big substrates not catalysed

Question 6

Covalent pros cons

Answer 6

pros

• easily recovered
• little restriction on catalyst structure
• easy to study

cons

• highly prone to leeching
• may contaminate product
• silica may have residual silanol interference

Question 7

water soluble pros cons

Answer 7

pros

• no organic solvent
• organic product easily separated

cons

• catalysis may not occur as expected in aqueous

Question 8

NAILs pros cons

Answer 8

pros

• no/low organic solvent
• no vapour
• wide range of temps
• product easily isolated by sublimation
• can be reused

cons

• expensive
• salt byproducts cause freezing