Industrial and Post Industrial, WW2 - Present

Question 1

What is a patron

Answer 1

A member of the gentry who looked after a lower - class performer

Question 2

What is rational recreation?

Answer 2

In the nineteenth century, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled

Question 3

Why did recreation change from popular to rational?

Answer 3

Introduction of middle class
Sport started to reflect societal changes
Order + Logic

Question 4

Negative effects of industrialisation

Answer 4

Poor health and hygiene
Lack of Income
Lack of time
Facility Provision was lacking
Overcrowding and lack of space
Loss of rights

Question 5

How did transport change throughout the 19th century?

Answer 5

Movement of teams/ spectators
Improved access to different parts of the country
Cheaper train travel
Improved access to the countryside

Question 6

How did communications develop during the 19th century?

Answer 6

Improvement in society meant that education improved, and therefore more people saw improvement in literacy
Knowledge and awareness of sport improved in several ways, such as fixtures and results
Emergence of role models

Question 7

How did Urbanisation develop in the 19th century?

Answer 7

Mob football and other violent games banned
Facilities grew in popularity
Gradual increase in working conditions
Development of new sports

Question 8

How did the middle class develop in the 19th century?

Answer 8

More self made individuals
Wanted to improve lives of working class
Factory owners have workers more leisure time
Wanted to shop absenteeism

Question 9

Influence of the Church in the 19th century

Answer 9

Promoted sport as it encouraged social control
Sport seen as a way of promoting christian values
Church organised teams, set up clubs and organised competitions
Provided facilities to play sport in

Question 10

Issues in the beginning of the 19th century

Answer 10

Poor Health and Hygeine
Income was low
Time was limited
Facilities were limited
Overcrowding occurred
Rights

Question 11

How did urbanisation impact on the development of sport?

Answer 11

People had more time and could play in the cities
Violent games such as Mob Football were banned

Question 12

How did communications impact on the development of sport?

Answer 12

Newspapers published results and fixtures
People could develop role models

Question 13

How did the church impact the development of sport

Answer 13

Set up teams and leagues
Promoted good values associated with sport

Question 14

How did the emergence of middle class impact the development of sport?

Answer 14

Created rational recreation, a pastime for the lower class

Question 15

How did transport impact the development of sport?

Answer 15

Trains became available and more affordable, people could travel to watch games

Question 16

What did the 1833 Factory Act establish?

Answer 16

9-13 year olds could work maximum 48 hours per week
13 - 18 year olds could only work 12 hours daily
Act also required under 18s to receive 2 hours of education per day
Established system to ensure regulations were enforced

Question 17

What did the 1850 factory act establish?

Answer 17

6am to 6pm for women and young people
90 minutes of break required
There was now a very clear distinction between work and leisure time, thanks to middle class, capitalist, factory owners

Question 18

How did diplomats develop sport around the world?

Answer 18

Travelled the world and took sport with them. Increased it’s popularity in more settings worldwide

Question 19

How did the clergy develop sport?

Answer 19

They developed church teams or became missionaries and took sport abroad (good for social control / morality etc)

Question 20

How did teachers help spread sport?

Answer 20

Taught traditional sporting values in schools throughout the empire

Question 21

How did factory owners help with sports development?

Answer 21

Set up leagues and national leagues and gave workers time off through saturday half days

Question 22

How did the british army spread sport?

Answer 22

Sport in armed service, took it abroad

Question 23

How did National governing bodies help sport develop?

Answer 23

Codified sports, made leagues and competitions and rules

Question 24

What are the values of amateurism?

Answer 24

Manliness, robustness, striving and physical endeavour
Appreciating the value of health and fitness
Appreciating the value of rule regulated activities
High moral integrity

Question 25

Characteristics of a gentleman amateur

Answer 25

Being a respected member of society with a public school background, high status in sport respected high status in society
Belonging to the social elite, having wealth and plenty of free time for sport
Playing a range of sport using their natural talents

Question 26

Positive impacts of Amateurism

Answer 26

Participation in sport seen as more important than winning
Adhered to a code of ethics
All rounder viewed with high regard - multi - eventers
Belonging to the social elite - enabled amateurs to play for love of sports rather than money

Question 27

What is meant by ‘Muscular Christianity’

Answer 27

The belief that sport can be used to unite boys of all ages at schools and teach them morals

Question 28

What is an Amateur?

Answer 28

Plays sport for the love of it with no financial gain

Question 29

What is a professional

Answer 29

Person who pays for financial gain, has to be paid
Used to be the working class

Question 30

What is a gentleman amateur

Answer 30

From upper class, showing high morality, not cheating, and sportsmanship

Question 31

Values of amateurism in the late 19th century

Answer 31

High status / respected
Played for the love of the game
Controlled sport
Top / best performers
High moral values/ sportsmanship / fair play
No financial gain

Question 32

What makes up the golden triangle?

Answer 32

Sport
Media
Sponsorship

Question 33

How did Women emerge in athletics?

Answer 33

Included in 1896 “Against laws of nature”
Told they couldn’t run further than 800m
5057 women competed in 2016 olympics
National lottery funding this development

Question 34

How did women emerge in football?

Answer 34

Became popular during WW2 when men were absent
Advanced understanding of human body - safe for women to play
Fa banned women until 1971
WSL founded in 2010
Now more female pundits / commentary

Question 35

How did women emerge in Tennis?

Answer 35

Allowed to play as it was believed it kept their modesty
LTA founded in 1884
WTA founded in 1973
Serena williams made $84m

Question 36

When did Tennis tournaments offer equal Prize money?

Answer 36

Us open = 1973
Aus open = 1984 - reverted 1996 - Back in 2001
French open = 2006
Wimbledon = 2007

Question 37

How have women became more included in football?

Answer 37

Equal opportunities in school etc
Increased media coverage of women’s football
More female role models
Increased approval and encouragement from Fa
Wendy Toms - First female to officiate in EFL and prem

Question 38

Reasons for development of Association Football

Answer 38

Urbanisation
Increased leisure time
More disposable income
Improved Transport
Increased Professionalism
Social class links
Increased Organisation