Industrial and Post Industrial Britain Flashcards
What is rational recreation?
In the 19th century, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled.
As Britain changed into a industrially based society, sport and pastimes developed in a number of different ways, reflecting such societal changes. They were no longer termed ‘popular recreation’ but ‘rational recreation’.
What are the negative effects of rationalised sports during the first half of the 19th century?
Lack of leisure time Lack of income Loss of rights Migration of the lower classes into the cities Lack of public provisions Poor health and hygiene
What does HITFOR stand for?
H - Poor health and Hygiene I - Lack of Income T - Lack of Time F - Facility provision was lacking O - Overcrowding and lack of space R - Loss of Rights
What are some improvements in the second half of the industrial revolution (1850 - 1900)?
Three-tier society Ex-public schoolboys Increase in wages and time for sport Communications Values of athleticism Improved health
Which improvements in the second half of the industrial revolution had a positive effect?
- Health and Hygiene improved so participation increased
- Gradual increase in wages and more time for sport
- Development of middle class helped to develop sports
- The influence of ex-public school boys
- Industrial Patronage
- Improvements in transport and communication
- Became cheaper to travel
Define industrial patronage?
(ie kind factory owners becoming patrons of the sport for the working class by providing support for them to participate in various ways) led to provisions for recreational and sport-factory teams were set up, sporting facilities were provided and excursions to the sea side were organised.
How did health and hygiene improve?
- Gradual improvements in living conditions and local council provision of public baths.
- This improved cleanliness and help stop the spread of disease.
- This enabled more energy and willingness to participate in sports.
How did an increase in wages affect sport?
- People had more time for sport.
- This was due to ‘the factory act’.
- Also Saturday half days being provided to the workers (more time to participate).
How did development of the middle class affect sports?
This changed the behaviour. It became more respectful and as played at a higher moral code; they developed strict rules, leagues, and competitions: they provided facilities / public parks via their involvement in the local council: they gave more time off work.
How did the influence of ex public school boys affect sport?
via industry, church helped to promote sport.
How did the values of athleticism affect sport?
Physical endeavour with moral integrity, (i.e always trying hard and working to the best of your ability but taking part in the spirit of fair play) spread to the lower classes.
How did industrial patronage’s affect sport?
(i.e kind factory owners becoming patrons of sport for the working class by providing support for them to participate in various ways) led to provisions for recreation and sport – factory teams were set up, sporting facilities were provided and excursions to the seaside were organised.
How did Improvements in Transport and Communications affect sport?
Improvements in Transport and Communications via development of roads and steam trains influenced the distance spectators and players could travel, and league were established. Fixtures and results were published in the papers of the time.
How did cheaper travel affect sport?
It became cheaper to Travel, so participation in sport and the spectating of sport became more accessible.
What are some characteristics of Rational Recreation?
Respectability Regionally/Nationally/Regularly played Rule based Referees and officials Impact of religion Impact of revolutions (industrial / urban) Purpose built facilities Skills / tactics based Gambling controlled Amateurism and professionalism
What are the 5 R’s of rational recreation?
Played Regionally, nationally and internationally Respectable (fair play) Regular Rule based (codification) Impact on Religion
At the Wenlock Games what sports and events did people participate in?
Football, cricket, running, hurdles, and events like the blindfolded wheelbarrow race and an ‘old woman’s race’ with a pound of tea for the winners.
Define urbanisation?
Large numbers of people migrating / moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories.
How did urbanisation affect the impact of the industrial revolution on sport?
- A large working class population created a demand for mass entertainment, while lack of space created the need for the development of purpose built facilities.
- Many violent sports such as mob games were banned as society became more civilised, new forms of entertainment emerged.
Who founded the Wenlock Olympic Games in 1850?
Dr William Penny Brookes.
What 4 points summarised the key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport?
Lack of work space
Large working class population
Loss of traditional sports
Change in working conditions
