Industrial and post-industrial (1780-1900) Flashcards
1
Q
popular recreation
A
- sport that was made for the masses (lower class)
2
Q
rational recreation
A
- suggested that a level of order, logic and structure had been placed in sport
- mob football changed to football which had rules and reflected the new society
3
Q
olympian class
A
- was set up to promote more, physical and intellectual improvements espically in lower classes
- in 1860 the olympian class become known as the wenlock olympia society
- dr williams penny brooks was incpsired to make the games from his work has a surgeon
4
Q
the wenlock games
A
- first was held in october 1850
- mixture of atheltics and traditional country sports such as football, cricket , running and hurdles
- rules were written
- had fun races such as old womens races
- pagentry and celebrations were important to promote winning
- hyms , crown of laurel leaves
- dr penny brookes campaigned for physcial education in school
5
Q
baron pierre de coubertin
A
- visted the society in 1890
- was inspired to make the international olympic society and reform the modern olympic games in athens (1996)
6
Q
characteristics of rational recreation
A
- respectful - sportsmanship
- reginal/national play
- stringent adminstration/ codification
- referees/officals
- purpose built facilites
- skill/tatic based
7
Q
negatives at the start of industrial revolution
A
- migration of the lower classes into urban areas
- lack of leusire - 12hrs 6 days
- lack of income
- poor health
- loss of rights
- lack of public provision - no wahsing facilites , no parks
- machine time - all day working
- loss of traditional sport
8
Q
urbanisation
A
- the movement of people from country side to cities
- large amounts of working class created a demand of mass entertainment
- gov legislation of working condtitions - created more free time
- attendance increased - big football stadiums - kennington oval (1883)
9
Q
development of transport
A
- movement of teams
- improved accses - more sports
- cheaper train travel - 3rd class
- access to countryside - rambling (hiking)
10
Q
communication
A
- improvements in reading and writing
- rules that people understood
- newspapers- increased knowledge of sport , led to role models
11
Q
influence of the church (1780-1900)
A
- encouraged social control
- diverted away from drinking and gambling
- gave facilities for improving the morality of working class
- promoted christam values - developed ymca (young mens christian association) - promoted healthy body/healthy mind
- the clergy viewed sports as a good way to increase chruch attendance
- gave encourgamnet to the working class
- organised teams and set up clubs - everton , aston villa
- facilties - church halls , playing feilds
12
Q
the emergnce of the middle class
A
- self made indivduals had some emphathy for the lower classes
- codification - ex public school boys and university old boys formed NGBS of sport - FA , RFU , LTA
- compettions - leauges via middle class with different class teams
- public provision - via philanthropists (somebody who has empahty for somebody of lower class
- increased leusire time - created half day rule to watch sports
- moved to professionalism
13
Q
the british empire
A
- public school boys and old university boys influences sport through british empire ;
- teachers- developed teams and taught traditional sporting values
- industrial/factory owners - set up teams and gave workers time off
- clergy - developed church teams
- officers of british army - played sport around british empire
- diplomats- codified sports , established leauges and comps spead nationally and internationally
14
Q
public provision - provided by the middle class
A
- introduction of public baths
- combat harsh living , diseased and pllution
- division of classes in the baths
- plunge baths for swimming and recreational use
- social control
- keeping working classes away from drinking and gambling
- aided productivity at work - less prone to diseases and infection
15
Q
developments of national governing bodies
A
- mid to late 19th cent
- sport was more popular and more teams were forming
- leauges were required for teams to play in
- more national and international fixtures were organised
- nationally agreed rules and codification
- maintence of amateur ideals - deal with professionalism and early commerciliaction
- maintain control of sport among middle/upper class
16
Q
amateur
A
- someone who plays for the love of the game and recieves no financial gain
17
Q
professional
A
- a person who plays sport for the finacial gain
18
Q
amateurism during the 19th century
A
- ‘manliness’ robust striving and physcial endeavour
- appreciated the value of rule regulated activity
- value of health and fitness
- high moral integrity
19
Q
gentleman amatuer
A
- respected members of society with public school backgrouns - high status in sport refelcted high status in society
- social elite - had wealth and plenty of free time for sport
- participation was viewed as character building - training was frowed upon as it would consitue professionalism
- range of sports using their natural talents
- high moral code - acceptance of referre , good humour in defeat
- all rounded was viewed as high regard
20
Q
postive impacts of amaterurism
A
- code of amateurism - based on playing to clear set of rules
- code of ethics - playing the sport to high moral value
- belonging to the social elite - money and free time mean you cold afford to play sport
- participation in sport- more imporant things than winning , training was seen as professional so they played acording to their god given abilties
21
Q
characteristics of the working class professional
A
- perceived to be corruptible as they were controlled by money
- take bribes and throw fights or games
- were paid for their results , so training and winning became more important
- introduced gamesmanship (bending rules)
- started challenging referres decisions
