Industrail Revolution Begins Flashcards
Anesthetic
drug that prevents pain during surgery
-american dentist this
Enclosure
the process of taking over and fenceing off land formerly shared by peasant farmers
-landowners pushed ahead with this
Smelt
separate iron form its ore.
-Abraham Darby coal to do this to the iron
Capital
Money/invest
-British economy helped with slave trade gaining this
Facotry
places with workers and machines to produce goods
-spinners and weavers were the first ones to come to these
Turnpike
privatly built roads from place to place
-some capitalists invested in this
Urbanization
movement of people to cities
-Industrail Revolution brought this rapidly
Tenement
multistory buildings divided into crowded appartments
-poor were packed into these to live in
Labor Union
workers’ organizations
- won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours and working conditions
- later got the right to vote and political power
Utilitarianism
the idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greater number” of its citizens
-Jeremy Bentham preached this
Means of Produciton
the farms, factories, railaways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods.
-socialism
Communism
form of socialism that sees class struggle between employers and employees as unavoidalbe. -Marx and Engels wrot THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
Proletariat
The working class
-Marxism called them the “have-nots” and that they would unite and get equal power and money to the higher classes
Methodism
promised forgiveness of sin and a better ilfe to come.
-John Wesley founded this church.
Utopians
ideal society
Socialism
people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate means of production
-to end poverty and injustice they created this
Abraham Darby
- smelted the iron
- dicoved that coal gave off impurities
- found a way to remove the impurities from coal
- produced better iron
- latter turned into builid railroads with the iron
John Wesley
-founded the Methodism Church
Thomas Malthus
- like smith’s book
- writter about population shaped economic thinking for generations
- thought we would run out of food
- thought poor would suffer becuase of a large population
John Stuart Mill
- Jeremys cheif follower
- promoted happiness and wrong if it caused pain
- wanted gov to improve hard lifes of the working class
- got the middle class to vote
- now democratic gov absored many of his ideas and other utilitarians
Adam Smith
- author of THE WEALTH OF NAITONS
- asserted the free market would help everyone
- free market = produced more goods at lower prices
Jeremy Bentham
- Preached utilitarianism
- supported indivitdual freedom
