Induction drugs Flashcards
Test 2
What is the difference between a sedative & a hypnotic?
A hypnotic induces sleep while a sedative induces a state of calm
What drugs do we use for anxiolytics? If we don’t have these, what is an alternative?
Benzos
Small doses/titration of tranquilizers/induction agents
Ex) 1-2cc propofol
Sedative-hypnotics have reversibly depresses what? What is this caused by?
Depresses CNS activity –> decreases sympathetic effects
Synergistic effects
Monitored anesthesia care is the same thing as ___________ (2 things)
Conscious sedation
Procedural sedation
What is the definition of monitored anesthesia care (MAC)?
The administration of both sedatives and analgesics to induce a depressed level of consciousness, allowing patients to tolerate unpleasant procedures and enabling clinicians to perform procedures effectively
When using a CVC/PICC line, where does the blood flow through 1st? PIV?
CVC/PICC: Superior vena cava
PIV: Inferior vena cava
After blood flow through the heart, what is the order of blood flow for anesthesia drugs? What is the percentage? What organs are in each sections?
Vessel rich group (75%) –> muscle group (18%) –> fat (5%) -> vessel poor group (2%)
Vessel rich: brain
heart
liver
kidney
Muscle: skeletal muscle
skin
fat: just fat
vessel poor: bone
tendon
cartilage
What is the exception of anesthesia drugs going to the brain first?
local/regional anesthesia
Which induction agents have analgesia components?
Propofol: high doses
Ketamine
What receptor does ketamine attach to?
NMDA receptor
What are the components of general anesthesia?
HAMSA (means good luck!)
Hypnosis
Analgesia
Muscle relaxation
Sympatholysis
Amnesia
What does sympatholysis mean?
Preventing an increase in HR/BP
What is the most dangerous stage of anesthesia?
Stage 2
What stage do we want to perform surgery in in anesthesia?
Stage 3
What are the 4 airway reflexes?
- Sneezing.
- Coughing.
- Swallowing.
- Gagging.
What is the lightest level of anesthesia?
Stage 1
What is the last sense to be lost during induction?
hearing
When should all of your airway reflexes be present? Absent? Diminished?
Present: stage 1
Absent: stage 3
Diminished: stage 2
What stage do we want to extubate in? Why?
Stage 1
Patient can maintain protective reflexes/airway
What is stage 1 of anesthesia? What is it characterized by?
Analgesia
initiation of an anesthetic –> loss of consciousness
T/F: you are able to open your eyes on command and breathe normally in stage 1 of anesthesia
T
How long does stage 2 of anesthesia last?
5-15 seconds
max 30 secs
What is stage 2 of anesthesia? What is it characterized by?
Delirium
Loss of consciousness –> onset of rhythmicity of vital signs
What are undesirable SE of stage 2 of anesthesia?
-Release of Epi/NE –> undesirable CV instability –> increased HR
dysconjugate ocular movements
Laryngospasms
emesis