Induction and maintenance Flashcards
What are some of the main considerations around induction and maintenance agents?
- Licensing and the cascade
- Speed of onset of action and duration
- ROA
- Maximal available concentration
- Shelf life
- Combo with other drugs
- Side effects
- Recovery quality
Give some examples of induction agents?
Propofol Alfaxalone Ketamine Pentobarbital Tiletamine
Give some examples of co-induction agents?
Ketamine
Benzodiazepines
Opioids - SA, off license
Which co-induction agent can only be used in horses and works as a muscle relaxant?
Guaifenesin (GGE)
What are some special considerations that need to be considered for dogs when it comes to induction and maintenance?
- Big breed differences
- Brachycephalic
- Temperament/excitability
What are some special considerations that need to be considered for cats when it comes to induction and maintenance?
Variable temperament
Can be hard to restrain
Cats have a less obvious transition from sedation to induction
Laryngeal spasm
What are some special considerations that need to be considered for horses when it comes to induction and maintenance?
- Huge breed differences
- Large body mass
- Do not like being recumbent
- Flight animals
- Safety concerns
What are 2 examples of inhalational maintenance agents?
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Give 3 examples of injectable maintenance agents?
Propofol
Alfaxalone
Ketamine
Which of the 3 injectable maintenance agents would be most appropriate for a fast procedure (less than 20 minutes)?
Ketamine
e.g. equine castration
What are some adjuncts to maintenance?
Multimodal analgesia
Locoregional techniques
Partial intravenous anaesthesia
Monitoring
Why is it so important to protect the airway during anaesthesia?
Protects aspiration of oesophageal/gastric content
When is it suitable to use face masks during the anaesthesia procedure?
- Oxygen supplementation
- Preoxygenation prior to anaesthesia
- Provide volatile anaesthetic agents in some species
- Used to induce anaesthesia in some species
What is a supraglottic airway device?
Sit over the larynx rather than passing through it - has an inflatable rim to create a seal
What are the most commonly used induction agents in dogs and cats?
Propofol and Alfaxalone
