Induction

Question 1

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 1

The belief that future phenomena will resemble past phenomena.

Cf. sun rising.

Question 2

Can induction be rational by definition?

Answer 2

Concentrate on meaning of rational. If induction considered rational by normal people (who understand term) then it’s rational.

Obj: leaves open fundamental prerequisite.
Obj: v. dogmatic.

Question 3

What is falsificationism?

Answer 3

Inferences which are of consequence are rejections. Take failed prediction as premise and conclude theory behind prediction is false.

Obj: only deals with negative facts.
Rep: logical steps.
C. Obj: doesn’t help induction.

Question 4

What is inference to best explanation (IBE)?

Answer 4

Choose theory that beat explains the available data. Factors include depth, comprehensiveness, simplicity, unifying power, etc.

With sun rising: necessary connection given causal powers.

Question 5

Outline the objections raised against IBE.

Answer 5

1. Requires leap. Dew on grass caused by rain or sprinklers?
   Obj: find most economical explanation.
2. Confuse best with desired explanation.
   Obj: too much weight on subjective. Infer objectively.
3. Support hypothesis about theoreticals. Cf. aberrations in Uranus’ orbit. Therefore can formulate any number of theories.
   Obj: invoke phenomenon of convergence.