Individuels Flashcards
When did Flemming make his discovery
1928
What triggered Flemming’s discovery
Sent to a war hospital and saw antiseptics didn’t prevent infection
How is Flemming’s discovery significant today
People now think we have a cure for everything
What did John snow discover
The link between dirty drinking water and cholora
How did snow discover his theory
Drew a map of where the infected got their drinking water and linked them all to ‘broad street pump’
How did snow stop the spread of cholora
Got permission to close broad Street pump and cholora stopped spreading
Did snow know what caused cholora
No because it was before Pasteur’s germ theory in 1861
What did Lister discover
Carbolic acid
How is Listers discovery significant today
All hospitals have soap dispensers everywhere to sanitise the area
When did Lister discover carbolic acid
1865
What effect did Listers discovery have at the time
Cut down surgical mortality rates from 50% to 15% in 4 years
What did Humphrey Davy invent
Safety lamps for minors
What was in Davy’s safety lamps
Nitric oxide - laughing gas
What did Davy’s safety lamps do
Ignited when they were neer poisonous gases
When was nitric oxide banned and why
2015 because incorrect doses can kill someone
What did Simpson discover and which one
Anaesthetics - chloroform
When did Simpson make his discovery
1847
Why did scientists oppose Simpson at the time (1847)
Patients pain let them know the effote the surgeon was giving
Why was Simpsons discovery made nationally accepted
In 1853 he used chloroform to deliver Queen Victoria’s 8th baby
Why is Simpsons discovery significant today
It’s still used in minor operations like tooth removal
What was wrong with Simpsons discovery at the time (1847)
Unknown doses could kill you
What did Paul Erlich come up with
Magic bullets
What were magic bullets
Specific anti-biotics that would attack specific pathogens
What was significant about Paul Erlich’s technique
He treated the pathogen and not the symptoms
Now was Paul Erlich’s discovery significant
It educated other scientists to do the same
What year did Paul Erlich find a cure for syphillis (an STI)
1909
Why was Robert Koch significant
Linked specific diseases to specific pathogens
When did Robert Koch discover the bacillus that causes TB
1882
How did Robert Koch discover the bacillus that causes TB
Used a methyl violet dye that showed the bacillus under a microscope
How did Robert Koch probe his TB discovery
Took pictures and showed others
What did Louis Pasteur do and when
The germ theory in 1861
How did Pasteur make his discovery
Saw If you left sterilised water in a open flask it would become contaminated but If you left it in a closed flask it would remain sterilised
What did Edward Jenner invent
Vaccinations
When did Jenner make his discovery
1798
How did Jenner make his discovery
Saw milkmades didn’t get smallpox but they got cowpox
How did Jenner prove his discovery
Injected cowpox into a kid named James and when he recovered he injected him with cowpox and he survived after being ill
Why did scientists oppose Jenner
They were charging for useless cures and Jenner was vacinating people for free
What did people belive about Jenner’s vacinations
You would turn into a cow
How is Jenner’s discovery significant today
It’s a legal requirement to have vacinations agent specific diseases
What happened in 1802
Government gave Jenner £10.000 to continue his work
When did the government make eradicating smallpox a priority and why was it contraversial
1853 - it wasn’t enforced
When was smallpox declared eradicated
1980
What did Pare discover
Ligatures
What was wrong with ligatures
Carried germs into wounds - pre 1861
How did Pare treat cuts and wounds
Used an ointment of egg yolk and herbs
How was pare significant at his time
Less deaths due to blood loss or trauma of cauterisation
How is pare significant today
Ligatures still used
What did William Harvey discover
Blood circulated the body and was pumped by the heart
How did Harvey prove his discovery
Dissected live cold blooded animals
What theory of Galen did Harvey prove wrong
Blood was created in the liver and burnt by the body as fuel
When did Paré discover ligatures
1616
Which of pares theory’s did vasalius prove wrong
The jaw is in 2 parts and blood passes through the septum
What book did vasalius write
The fabric of the human body
Who illustrated vasalius’s book
Lionardo Da Vinci
What did vasalius believe
Dissection was the key to understanding the human body
