INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS Flashcards
What are 4 examples of groups
- Family & friendship groups
- Sporting & leisure groups
- Study & work groups
- Religious groups
- Cultural groups
What are 4 reasons for group formation?
- Locality/ geography
- Gender
- Shared interest
- Security
- Sexuality
- Specific need
- Social interaction
- Culture
What are the 3 different types of roles that individuals adopt within groups?
Task orientated
Socio-emotional orientated
Destructive role
What is the definition of ‘norms’?
what is seen to be the standard way to act/behaviour
What is the definition of ‘conformity’?
modifying ones behaviour to fit in
What is the definition of ‘cohesiveness’?
the unity of the group
What are the 2 categories of factors which contribute to the roles individuals adopt within groups
- personal factors
2. social factors
What are some personal factors which influence the roles individuals adopt within groups
- Self-esteem
- Self- confidence
- Sense of belonging
- Education
- Previous experience
- Culture
What are some social factors which influence the roles individuals adopt within groups
- Relationship with group members
- Attitudes of other group members
- Gender expectation
- Media stereotypes
What is a power base?
The origin of ones power
What are the 5 power bases?
Legitimate Reward Coercive Referent Expert
Describe a ‘legitimate’ power base. Give an example of an individual with this power base
Power that is agreed or voted on by others. eg. Prefects
Describe a ‘reward’ power base. Give an example of an individual with this power base
Person has the ability to give merit/ awards. eg. Teachers
Describe a ‘coercive’ power base. Give an example of an individual with this power base
Person has the ability to give & take away privileges. eg. A boss
Describe a ‘referent’ power base. Give an example of an individual with this power base
When an individual has ‘followers’/ admirers. eg. celebrities
Describe an ‘expert’ power base. Give an example of an individual with this power base
A person who has knowledge/ expertise. eg. a head doctors
What are the 4 leadership styles?
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez Faire
Transformational
Describe an autocratic leadership style
directive & harsh
Describe a democratic leadership style
asks for others opinions
Describe a laissez faire leadership style
‘what ever happens, happens’
Describe a transformational leadership style
inspirational & encouraging
What are some factors influencing an individuals leadership style?
- Type of task
- Knowledge & skills of group members
- Attitudes of group members
- Relationship between group members
What are some things that can cause conflict within a group
- Incompatible goals
- Individual differences/ personality clashes
- Limited resources
- Ineffective communication
- Varying values
- Multiple role expectations
What are the 3 steps of conflict resolution?
Negotiation → Agreement → Resolution
What does a mediator do during conflict resolution?
They assist to resolve issues by being a ‘go between’ person
What does an advocator do during conflict resolution?
They advocate for the rights of an individual/group
What are the 3 potential outcomes of conflict resolution?
- Win-win
- Win-loose
- Loose-loose
