Individuals Flashcards
Martin Luther - writers in the Catholic and counter reformation
1517 published 95 Theses attacking papal abuses and indulgences
Leo X excommunicated him
Ximinez de Cisernos - writer in the catholic and counter reformation
reformed the Franciscan order
was supported by Isabella and Ferdinand
catechism published with his decrees
financed and initiated the production of the polyglot bible
Desiderius Erasmus - writer in the catholic and counter reformation
critical of abuses in church but kept his distance from Luther and Melanchthon
recognised authority of the pope - rejected Luther’s faith alone
wrote many works
re-translated the Greek New Testament and Latin vulgate in 1516
Francis Xavier - Jesuit missionary leader
led mission in Japan and India - arrived in 1549 = warm welcome
all christians expelled in 1614
1579 arrived in Mughal court in India = massive success
Peter Canisius - Jesuit missionary leader
led mission in the empire - restored Catholicism in Germany
set up schools and colleges for the education of the clergy
Matteo Ricci - Jesuit missionary leader
arrived in China 1582
learnt language and dressed like the locals - produced a catechism in Chinese
12 million Catholics in China were converted because of him
Ignatius Loyola - writer in the Catholic and counter reformation
founder and leader of Jesuits
was an important counter to Martin Luther
1540 Jesuits received formal recognition from Paul III
wrote spiritual exercise
Pope Alexander VI - bad popes
most controversial - had 7 children
no reform under his rule
shows papacy at its lowest point
Pope Leo X - bad popes
uncontrollable spender - money to promote and glorify Rome
nepotist = sale of indulgences to reconstruct St. Peters’ Basilica
failed to suppress Lutheranism
Pope Paul IV - bad popes
Uncompromising head of the inquisition - converted to sell it into dungeons rejected peace of Augsburg didn't re-open Council of Trent persecuted Jews in Rome Massive celebrations when he died
