individuals

Question 1

Lorenzo de Medici

Answer 1

1449 - 1492
Ruled Florence - great patron of the arts
- Branch of the Bank closed during his rule
-extended family power into papacy
- pope leo X Lorenz’s son
- POLITICAL
- Ruled Florence
- reduced council from 100 to 70 members

• PATRONAGE
  1 - well educated in latin and greek and Vernacular - ficino writing
  2- extended the libray funded by cosimo sand platonic acadamy

3- sent other artists to other cities
- Sangello worked for king of baples
- Boticelli birth of venice and primavera four his cousin

4 - patron of
- Botticelli
- Donatello
- Filipino Lippi
- Raphaels teacher

-DEATH
1492 - end of peace in
Italy
Savonarola
- trained Michaelangelo
- Columbus reaches America

Question 1

Cosimo de Medici

Answer 1

1389 - 1464
founder of the medici bank 1397

• POLITICAL CAREER
  expanded banking network, papacies finance 1462
• controlled Alum monopoly
• developed double entry book keeping - essential to renaissance banking
• exiled 1431 returned in 1434
• oversaw the peace of Lodi 1454
• PATRONAGE
  -patronised scholars and artists and sculptors, Ficino - neoplatonism and Bracciolini - on the nature of things
• Donatello, - David bronze statue Brunelleschi - dome in Florence
• Michaelangelo
• palazzo Medici
• Ghiberti - the gates of paradise
  600,000 florins spent on patronage - and
  -
• significant patronage of literature and books

Question 2

Federico da Montefeltro

Answer 2

alive from 1422 till 1482
- prominent figure of the Italian Renaissance, particularly in the realm of politics, military strategy, and patronage of the arts.

• Duke of Urbino, a position he held from 1444 until his death.

MILITARY CAREER
- undefeated condottiere
- Notable battles - defence of the Papal States against the Duchy of Milan in 1469 and his subsequent campaigns against the Papal States in 1474 and 1477.

PATRONAGE
- palace
- library
- cathedral
huge collector of books and manuscripts

• many key figures of the renaissance art scene in Urbino under his patronage
• Bramante
• Raphael
• Vasari said Raph was at his peak here

was known as the ideal renaissance man because of his establishment of balance between letters and arms

Question 3

Ludovico Sforza

Answer 3

1452 - 1508

• Duke of Milan. Ludovico’s political career began in the 1470s when he became involved in the politics of the Duchy of Milan, eventually rising to power alongside his nephew, Duke Gian Galeazzo Sforza.
• 1494, Ludovico assumed the regency of Milan
• Bramante: classical principles and innovative structural techniques, contributed to the Renaissance aesthetic in Milan. One notable project was the redesign of the choir of Santa Maria delle Grazie
• Leon Battista Alberti: Alberti’s treatises on architecture, such as “De re aedificatoria” (On the Art of Building), were significant contributions to Renaissance architectural discourse.

Ludovico’s political maneuverings often involved alliances with other Italian city-states and European powers. He formed alliances with the Kingdom of France and the Papal States to counter the influence of rival powers such as the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Naples. However, Ludovico’s ambitions also led to conflicts, including the Italian Wars, which disrupted the balance of power in Italy.

• Ludovico’s alliance with the French King Charles VIII backfired when the French invaded Milan and captured Ludovico. He spent the remainder of his life imprisoned in France, where he died on May 27, 1508.

Question 4

Nicholas V

Answer 4

1397 - 1455
pope from 1447 - 55

DIPLOMACY
- dealt with the chuch schism
- brought Peace to Papal states
- Made concessions such as with the sforza take over of milan
- tried to help Constantinople
- INITIATED THE PEACE OF LODI

PATRONAGE AND HUMANISM
- founder of the vatican library
- book hunter
- made plans to reconstruct rome
- st basilica
- vatican palace
- alberti, fra angelico, valla
- great humanist and emplyed many artists (above) and scholars Basarian to translate texts