individualistic theories Flashcards
psychoanalysis - what did Freud argue about early childhood experiences
they determine our personality and future behaviour
psychoanalysis - what did freud say about traumatic childhood experiences
they leave a mark on the individual even though the individual was not aware of these experiences
according to freud what is personality governed by
ego, id, superego
what are the key features of the id
controls our selfish, animalistic urges, seeking our basic needs such as the desire for sex, food, and sleep
what is the superego
a persons moral conscience
what’s a persons moral conscience developed through
early childhood experiences and interactions with parents
what does the ego seek
rational control
what’s the egos rule
strike a balance between the conflicting demands of the id and superego
what happens If the id is dominant
this is when criminality can occur as the mind is unable to control their urges
who influenced bowlbys maternal deprivation theory
freud
what does bowlby argue about a link
link between maternal deprivation and anti social behaviour
what does a child need
a close, continuous relationship with its primary carer from birth to the age of 5
what happens if the attachment between a child and their primary carer is broken
can lead to ‘affection less psychopathy’ and to criminals behaviour
what study did bowlby base his theory on
a study of 44 juvenile thieves who had been referred to a child guidance clinic
what percentage of offenders did bowl by find suffered maternal deprivation before the age of 5
39%
what was bowlby study compared with
only 5% of a control group of non delinquents
what has skinners operant learning theory become known as
behaviourism
what does skinners theory argue
if certain behaviour results in a reward it will be repeated, but if certain behaviour results in an undesirable outcome, it will not be repeated
what does American CR Jeffreys differential reinforcement theory argue
criminality is learnt through the reinforcement of behaviour
when are individuals more likely to engage in criminal behaviour
if a crime has more rewarding consequences than punishing ones for an individual
what does banduras social learning theory argue
offending is a set of behaviours learned in the same way as other behaviours through observational and vicarious reinforcement
what does bandura say about people modelling their behaviour
people would be more likely to imitate models if the models are rewarded for their actions than punished
who are some of these models bandura is talking about
parents, teachers, older sibling, popular people at school
what was the ‘Bobo doll’ experiment
a group of 4-5 year olds were split into 3 groups and watched different videos, all of these videos showed an adult verbally and physically abusing a bobo doll, the group 1 model was rewarded for they aggressive behaviour, the group 2 model was punished for their actions and the group 3 model received no consequences, the 3 groups were left to play with a bob doll on their own, group 1 imitated the aggressive actions, group 3 did but to a lesser extend and group 2 were least likely
