individualistic: psychodynamic

Question 1

what 3 psychodynamic theories are there?

Answer 1

Freud psyche
Bowlby’s 44 Thieves
Megargee ‘overcontrolled offender’

Question 2

what is a psyche according to Freud?

Answer 2

it is our personality

Question 3

what is the psyche made up of?

Answer 3

made up of ego, superego and the id

Question 4

the ego is…

Answer 4

the rational thinking side

Question 5

the superego is…

Answer 5

the decision maker

Question 6

how many types of superego are there?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

what are the 3 types of superego?

Answer 7

weak superego
deviant superego
strong superego

Question 8

how does one develop a weak superego?

Answer 8

from abnormal family relationships

Question 9

what are the consequences of abnormal family relationships on the superego?

Answer 9

don’t learn right from wrong, leads to criminality as don’t learn N+V

Question 10

how does one develop a deviant superego?

Answer 10

from a criminal same-sex parent

Question 11

does someone with a deviant superego know right from wrong?

Answer 11

yes, but they choose to participate in crime because that is their N+V

Question 12

how does one develop a strong superego?

Answer 12

when a child internalises the adults N+V

Question 13

why do people with a strong superego give into criminality so easily?

Answer 13

because they feel they need to punish themselves for even thinking about the id desires so they commit crime for the punishment

Question 14

what does a strong superego not do?

Answer 14

express aggression in normal ways such as through sport

Question 15

what happens when the strong superego doesn’t express anger?

Answer 15

these sexual or aggressive desires build up and are eventually released in overly aggressive or violent ways

Question 16

what year did Bowlby conduct his 44 Thieves study?

Answer 16

1951

Question 17

Bowlby believed in…

Answer 17

maternal deprivation

Question 18

what did Bowlby’s study find?

Answer 18

found that 39% of young criminals had experienced maternal deprivation in comparison to 5% who were non-criminal

Question 19

what does Bowlby’s study support from Freud?

Answer 19

supports the need for a stable home environment to move from the pleasure principle to the reality principle

Question 20

what is the pleasure principle and reality principle?

Answer 20

children progress from pleasure principle where the id is dominant to the reality principle where the ego is dominant

Question 21

what year did Megargee conduct his study?

Answer 21

1966

Question 22

who did Megargee study

Answer 22

an 11 year old boy who violently stabbed his brother 34 times

Question 23

what did the finding from Megargee’s study show?

Answer 23

the overcontrolled offender had the inability to express anger and eventually exploded

Question 24

how did Blackburn support Megargee’s findings?

Answer 24

found that those with violent convictions had fewer previous convictions than those with moderate violent charges and also scored lower on measures of aggression

Question 25

how can Megargee’s findings be criticised?

Answer 25

doesn’t distinguish whether these offenders don’t experience anger or don’t express it

Question 26

how can Bowlby’s theory be criticised?

Answer 26

small sample of only men, only explains crime after it has happened

Question 27

what did Freud’s theory draw attention to (a strength)?

Answer 27

it bought attention to the consequence of childhood experiences

Question 28

what does Freud’s theory lack?

Answer 28

quantitative data

Question 29

what can be said about Freud’s theory and it’s scientific credibility?

Answer 29

it lacks it as the unconscious brain cannot be tested on, also lacks objectivity because Freud knew his patients