Individualistic Policies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aim of a token economy

A

To shape behaviour by extinguishing undesirable behaviour and promoting desirable behaviour

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2
Q

How do token economies work

A

In a prison setting, tokens are given for desirable behaviours which can be traded for meaningful rewards

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3
Q

What prison behaviours might be rewarded

A

Obeying rules, making bed, respect to staff or inmates

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4
Q

What rewards might be given in prison

A

Cigarettes, shorter sentence, phone call

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5
Q

What is token economies based on

A

Operant conditioning (positive reinforcement)

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6
Q

Token economies outside of prison

A

They are hard to continue as they are not rewarded, limiting the effectiveness as they only work in controlled setting

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7
Q

Token economies ethical issues

A

Rewards are basic human rights, such as USA rewarding food or drink thats witheld

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8
Q

Types of offenders token economy

A

Only works on well behaved prisoners, discriminating against sever criminals who need intervention more

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9
Q

Token economy research support

A

Encourages 69% of prisoners to engage with prosocial behaviour.

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10
Q

What is psychoanalysis based on

A

Freud’s theory of personality highlighting the conflict between the id and the superego

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11
Q

What does psychoanalysis aim to do

A

Bring unconscious conflicts to the conscious and overcome them

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12
Q

What is free association

A

The analyst gives a word and the patient says the first worst they think of

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13
Q

What is dream analysis

A

Therapist asks a client to write down the details of their dream to find a symbolic meaning

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14
Q

What is hypnotising do

A

Encourages the patient to tell stories they wouldn’t tell in the conscious

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15
Q

What three techniques are used in psychoanalysis

A

Free association, dream analysis, hypnotism

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16
Q

Psychoanalysis is time consuming

A

Freud saw patients 5 times a week, over years and therefore didn’t treat many, limiting the scope and ruling it out as a main treatment.

17
Q

Therapists power of psychoanalysis

A

Freud regarded homosexuality as abnormal and a mental illness, imposing their own definitions of what is normal

18
Q

Psychoanalysis trauma on the patient

A

Could uncover painful memories and further mental health issues, heightening drop out rates, reducing effectiveness

19
Q

What is anger management

A

A form of CBT, and talking therapy.

20
Q

What is anger management based on

A

Cognitions shape behaviour

21
Q

What is the aim of anger management

A

Challenge distorted thoughts and change them into rational ones

22
Q

What is cognitive preparation

A

Offenders reflect on past experiences to find triggers

23
Q

What is skills acquisition

A

Introducing techniques to deal with anger provoking situations

24
Q

What are some anger management techniques

A

Positive self talk, meditation, assertiveness training

25
What is application practice
Practice skills in a controlled environment through role play, success is met with positive reinforcement
26
Anger management takes effort
It requires learning skills and willingness to sustain over a long period of time, need highly trained therapists
27
Anger management assuming
It assumes all offenders have anger issues, could have many causes, limits the range of offenders that can be treated.
28
Anger management mundane realism
Low as situations cannot be applied to real life to their full extent meaning it is not useful.
29
Anger management research support
Ireland found 92% improvement in behaviour compared to those who don’t have it