Individualism & Collectivism

Question 1

The concept of giving priority to one’s own
goals over group goals and defining one’s
identity in terms of personal attributes rather
than group identifications.

Answer 1

Individualism

Question 2

Construing one’s identity as an autonomous self.
Emphasis on:
1) internal abilities, thoughts, and feelings
2) being unique and expressing the self
3) realizing internal attributes and promoting one’s own goals
4) being direct in communication (Singelis,1995).

Answer 2

Independent Self Construal

Question 3

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group
(often one’s extended family or work
group) and defining one’s identity
accordingly

Answer 3

Collectivism

Question 4

Construing one’s identity in relation to others.
Emphasis on:
1) external, public features such as status, roles, and relationships
2) belonging and fitting-in
3) occupying one’s proper place and engaging in appropriate action
4) being indirect in communication and “reading others’ minds.”
(Singelis,1995).

Answer 4

Interdependent Self-Construal

Question 5

American students were more likely to explain that it
allows self-expression, whereas Korean students
focused on how language allows communication with
others.

Answer 5

Purpose of language

Question 6

For those in individualistic cultures, ______ is more
personal and less relational.

Answer 6

self-esteem

Question 7

________ cultures correlates closely with
“what others think of me and my group.”

Answer 7

Self-esteem in collectivist

Question 8

Self-concept in
these cultures is malleable (context-specific) rather than
stable (enduring across situations)

Answer 8

CULTURE AND SELF-ESTEEM

Question 9

___________ involves an orientation to the context or
field as a whole. Characterized by comprehension of the
parts of something as intimately interconnected and
explicable only by reference to the whole.

Answer 9

Holistic thought

Question 10

__________ involves detachment of the object from its
context.

Answer 10

Analytic thought

Question 11

___________ demonstrated that there are substantial differences in
the extent to which people decontextualize an object from the field in which it
appears.

Answer 11

Witkin and colleagues

Question 12

_________ is to be expected and is not necessarily resolved
The goal is to search for the “middle way

Answer 12

Contradiction

Question 13

1. The principle of change.
2. Principle of contradiction
3. Principle of relationship or holism.

Answer 13

Dialect Reasoning