Individual Vs Situational Flashcards
What is a situational explanation?
D= individuals are influenced by situations and do not behave in the same way in different situations I= reductionist A= social, behaviourist M= field experiments
2 pieces of research that support situational explanation
- Milgram= prestigious UNI, lab coat, paid, random assignment of teacher
- Piliavin= race/type of victim, impact of model and impact of amount of people, cost-reward analysis
- Watson+Rayner= association of rat and loud sound caused phobia
- Wilkstrom+Tafel= disadvantaged neighbourhoods cause criminality
2 pieces of research supporting individual explanations
- Sperry= due to corpus callosum being severed coz of epilepsy
- Freud= Little Hans phobia stemmed from individual being in phallic stage
- Wender= genetic cause of depression
- Wilson&Daly= gender as a cause of crime
- Bruner= genetics as a cause of crime
Pros and cons of situational explanations?
Pros:
•offer many practical applications (Bandura: study of aggression)
•field experiments= high ecological validity
Cons:
•reductionist= ignores personality differences, riecher & Haslam
•PPs deceived= Milgram
Similarity and differences between individual and situational explanations
Similarity= collect both quantitative and qualitative data (thigpen&cleckley
Differences= individual relies on self report and unreliable (griffiths)
situational relies on experimental methods (Watt: funhaler, field experiment, 32 Australian children, repeated measures using funhaler+questionnaire)
What is the definition of a dispositional explanation?
D= individuals are the ones who produce behaviour I= reductionist A= biological, developmental M= lab experiments