Individual rights Flashcards

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1
Q

Can a non state actor violate your individual rights?

A

no, need the government to do it

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2
Q

13 amendment

A

Laws trying to fix any remaining instances of racial discrimination

13= Private citizen + race

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3
Q

privileges and immunities

A

about state A passing a law that discriminates against residents of state b because of their residency status

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4
Q

15th amendment

A

Racial discrimination relating the voting

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5
Q

equal protection or due process?

A

either doing a question about equal protection or due process, never together.

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6
Q

What does na equal protection question look like?

A

It about when certain people are tested differently than everyone else by the Government

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7
Q

When to apply what scrutiny level for equal protection?

A

Depends on who the people are

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8
Q

Strict scrutiny?

A

Race, alienage, national origin

elements:

Government has the burden to show the law was necessary to achieve a compelling interest

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9
Q

Intermediate scrutiny

A

Gender and illegitimate children

Government has the burden to show law was substantially related to an important interest

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10
Q

rational basis

A

Everyone else

Plaintiff has the burden to show the law is not rationally related to any legitimate interest

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11
Q

Substantive due process?

A

When the government is trying to take away rights from ALL OF US

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12
Q

What fundamental rights for substantive due process?

A

The right to travel interstate
The right to vote
The right to privacy
Right of free speech

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13
Q

All the rights to privacy?

A
  1. Contraception
    2. abortion
    3. marriage
    4. procreation
    5. private education
    6. right to raise your family
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14
Q

Which amendments for EP and DP?

A

if state law, then 14. If CONGRESS, then 5th

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15
Q

Taking?

A

Government can take your private property for public use as long as they pay just compensation

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16
Q

What is just compensation?

A

Usually fair market value

17
Q

what if government is doing something that reduces the value of your home to next to nothing?

A

it is in effect a taking because your property has no value left

18
Q

Establishment clause?

A
  1. Government can make no law which establishes (prefer) a religion
    1. test
    1. statute must have secular purpose
    2. law can not advance or inhibit religion
    3. law must not be entagled with religion
    1. Usually money, i.e. scholarships
19
Q

free exercise clause?

A

Government can not comment on your religion.

Government is usually doing something that has nothing to do with religion, but the law seems to affect the practice of some religion. As long a government interest is neutral, it’s okay.

20
Q

if its a fundamental right?

A

Strict scrutiny

21
Q

If not a fundamental right?

A

Rational basis

22
Q

Two ways for the government to regulate speech

A

Content based
content neutral

23
Q

Content based speech regulations?

A
  1. Government says “no”. I want to march, i want to parade, etc. Gov says no.
  2. They are basing the regulation in the content
  3. When you see this, this triggers strict scrutiny
24
Q

Content Neutral

A
  1. Not trying to stop you from getting message out, just limiting time place and manner
  2. Generally will be okay as long as its for a significant or important governmental interest leaving open alternative ways of communication
25
Q

Public forum for free speech?

A

based on anything going on streets and parks

Public forum = significant or important

26
Q

Private forum for free speech?

A

advertisements on buses or billboards, etc.

Must be reasonably related to a legit interest

27
Q

Unprotected speech?

A

obscenity

clear and present danger

commercial speech

advertising

prior restraint

unfettered discretion

28
Q

Obscenity?

A
  1. objective person applying the local community standards finds the work appeals to the purest interest in sex
        1. usually test on local community standard
     
         2. work in question depicts sex in offensive manner 
    
         3. lacks any serious literary artist or scientific value
29
Q

clear and present danger?

A
  1. Imminent violent action
    2. fighting words
30
Q

Commercial speech

A
  1. anything to do with business can be regulated if there is a reasonable fit to a substantial governental interest and it is narrowly tailored
31
Q

advertising?

A
  1. false or misleading
    2. illegal advertising
32
Q

Prior restraint?

A
  1. trying to stop speech before its ever made
    2. gag order, injunction
  2. state must prove material is not protected speech
33
Q

Unfettered discretion

A
  1. government official choosing one form of speech over another
    1. cannot do this. If youre going to allow this kind of speech, have to allow that kind of speech.
34
Q

Statute may not be overboard

A

usually refers to all forms of a speech. A law must be very specific about what it is limiting

35
Q

Vague speech

A

cant do “any” kind of this or that. Too over broad and too vague.

36
Q

Bill of attainder

A

When the federal or state government passes a law that punishes a named individual or a group and punishes them

37
Q

Ex post facto

A

When you’re making a law that retroactively makes something criminal

38
Q

Contracts clause

A

When a state tries to pass a law that would impair a contractual obligation