Individual muscles Flashcards
Biceps brachii
Muscle Action: ● Flex the elbow. ● Supination of the forearm. ● Flex the shoulder
Origin point - Anterior of the scapula.
Insertion Point - Upper radius.
Triceps brachii
Muscle Action ● Extension of the elbow. ● Extension of the shoulder. ● Abduction of the shoulder.
Origin point - Posterior upper humerus and scapula.
Insertion Point - Upper ulna.
Deltoid
Muscle Action
All fibers
● Abduct the shoulder.
Anterior fibers
● Flex, medially rotate and
horizontally adduct the
shoulder.
Posterior fibers
● Extend, laterally rotate
and horizontally abduct
the shoulder.
Origin point - Clavicle and scapula.
Insertion point - Upper humerus.
Trapezius - Upper fibres
Muscle action ● Extend the head and neck. ● Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side. ● Rotate the head and neck. ● Elevate the scapula. ● Upwardly rotate the scapula.
Trapezius - middle fibers
Muscle Action
● Adduct the scapula.
● Stabilize the scapula
Trapezius - Lower fibers
Muscle Action
Depress the scapula.
Upwardly rotate the
scapula.
Trapezius
Origin point - Base of skull, spinous processes of C7-T12.
Insertion point - Lateral clavicle and upper surface of the scapula
Latissimus dorsi
Muscle Action ● Adduction of the shoulder. ● Extension of the shoulder. ● Internal rotation of the shoulder.
Origin point - Lower 7 thoracic vertebrae, inferior angle of the scapula, thoracolumbar fascia and the iliac crest.
Insertion point - Anterior upper Humerus.
Teres Major
Muscle Action ● Adduction of the shoulder. ● Extension of the shoulder. ● Internal rotation of the shoulder.
Origin point - Inferior angle of the scapula.
Insertion point - Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
Rhomboid major and minor
Muscle Action ● Adduct of the scapula. ● Elevation of the scapula. ● Downwardly rotate the scapula.
Origin point - Spinous process C7-T5.
Insertion point - Medial border and inferior angle of scapula.
Pectoralis major
Muscle Action All fibres ● Adduction of the shoulder. ● Medial rotation of the shoulder. Upper fibres ● Flex the shoulder. ● Horizontally adduct shoulder. Lower fibres ● Extend shoulder.
Origin point - Clavicle, sternum and cartilage of first to sixth ribs.
Insertion point - Head of humerus
Pectoralis minor
Muscle Action
● Depressions of the
scapula.
● Retraction of the scapula.
Origin point - Anterior surface of 3rd-5th Ribs.
Insertion point - Coracoid process of the Scapula.
Levator Scapula
Muscle Action ● Elevation of the shoulder girdle. ● Lateral flexion of the neck. ● Extension of the neck.
Origin point - Transverse processes of C1-C4.
Insertion point - Superior angle of the scapula.
Rotator Cuff
Muscle Action
Teres minor
● Adduction, external rotation and stabilisation of the shoulder joint.
Infraspinatus
● Adduction, horizontal extension, external rotation and stabilisation of the shoulder joint.
Supraspinatus
● Abduction and stabilisation of the shoulder joint.
Subscapularis
● Internal rotation, adduction and stabilisation of the shoulder joint.
Quadriceps
Muscle Action All fibres ● Extension of the knee. Rectus femoris ● Flexion of the hip.
Hamstrings
Muscle Action All fibres ● Extension of the hip. ● Flexion of the knee. ● Tilt the pelvis posteriorly. Biceps femoris longus ● External rotation of the hip.
Gastrocnemius
Muscle Action
● Plantarflexion of the
ankle.
● Flexion of the knee.
Origin point - Posterior, lower femur
Insertion point - Calcaneus.
Soleus
Muscle Action
● Plantarflexion of the
ankle.
Origin point - Upper posterior femur.
Insertion point - Calcaneus.
Tibialis anterior
Muscle Action
● Dorsiflexion of the ankle.
● Inversion of the ankle.
Origin point - Lateral upper tibia.
Insertion point - 1st metatarsal and medial tarsal.
Psoas major
Muscle Action
Flex the hip. ● Externally rotates the hip. ● Flexes the spine. ● Tilts the pelvis anteriorly.
Origin point - Bodies of the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
Insertion point - Upper femur.
Iliacus
Muscle Action
● Flex the hip.
● Externally rotates the
hip.
Origin point - Iliacus fossa.
Insertion point - Upper femur.
Erector spinae group
● Extension and lateral flexion of the spine.
Rectus abdominis
Muscle Action
● Flex the vertebral column.
● Tilt pelvis posteriorly.
Origin point - Pubic crest, pubic symphysis.
Insertion point - Cartilage of 5th, 6th & 7th ribs and the xiphoid process.
Transverse abdominis
Muscle Action
● Compress the abdominal contents.
Origin point - Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, surface of lower 6 ribs & thoracolumbar fascia.
Insertion point - Abdominal aponeurosis to the linea alba.
External oblique
Muscle Action
● Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side.
● Rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side.
● Flex the vertebral column.
● Compress the abdominal contents.
Origin point - External surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs.
Insertion point - Anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to
linea alba
Internal oblique
Muscle Action
● Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side.
● Rotate the vertebral column to the same side.
● Flex the vertebral column.
● Compress the abdominal contents.
Origin point - Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia.
Insertion point - Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to
linea alba.
Piriformis
Muscle Action
● Internal rotation the hip.
● Abduction the hip with the hip is flexed.
Origin point - Anterior surface of the sacrum.
Insertion point - Superior aspect of the greater trochanter
Tensor fascia latae
Muscle Action
● Flexion of the hip.
● Abduction of the hip.
Origin point - Anterior iliac crest.
Insertion point - Lateral upper tibia via Iliotibial band.
Sartorius
Muscle Action
● Flexion of the hip. ● Abduction of the hip. ● External rotation of the hip. ● Flexion of the knee. ● Internal rotation of the knee.
Origin point - Anterior, superior Iliac Spine.
Insertion point - Medial, upper tibia.
Gluteus maximus
Muscle Action
● Extension of the hip.
● Abduction of the hip.
● Lateral rotation of the hip.
Origin point - Coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacroiliac and
sacrotuberous ligaments.
Insertion point - Head of the femur and Iliotibial tract.
Gluteus medius
Muscle Action
● Abduction of the hip.
● Internal rotation of the hip.
Origin point - Lateral surface of Ilium.
Insertion point - Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur.
Gluteus minimus
Muscle Action
● Abduction of the hip.
● Internal rotation of the hip.
Origin point - Lateral surface of Ilium.
Insertion point - Anterior surface of greater trochanter of the femur.
Adductor magnus
Muscle Action
● Adductor of the hip.
● Internal rotation of the hip.
● Extension of the hip.
Origin point - Base of pubis and ischium.
Insertion point - Mid to lower femur.
Adductor longus
Muscle Action
● Adduction of the hip.
● Internal rotation of the hip.
Origin point - Anterior pubis.
Insertion point - Mid femur.
Adductor brevis
Muscle Action
● Adduction of the hip.
● Internal rotation of the hip.
Origin point - Anterior superior pubis.
Insertion point - Upper femur.
Pectineus
Muscle Action
● Adduction of the hip.
● Flexion of the hip.
Origin point - Anterior superior pubis.
Insertion point - Upper femur
Gracilis
Muscle Action
● Adduction of the hip.
● Internal rotation of the hip.
● Flexion of the knee.
Origin point - Anterior inferior pubis.
Insertion point - Medial upper tibia.
