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Educational Psych Exam 2 > Individual Differences > Flashcards

Individual Differences Flashcards

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1
Q

What does IQ scores tell you about a person?

A

How one compares to same-age peers; this is useful for identifying extremes (services for “gifted (gate students)” and special education program).

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2
Q

What are he main disadvantages to group intelligence testing?

A
  1. Cant assess individual anxiety levels; Important to know their anxiety levels because it affects their scores
  2. Less likely to ask for clarification when misunderstanding directions
  3. Test-giver can’t build rapport with students; may also help them ask for help and reduce anxiety and shyness
  4. More distractions in group settings
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3
Q

What does Multiple Intelligence focus on?

A

Looking at individual variations when assessing someone

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4
Q

What type of intelligence did the 9th grade mock trial practice?

A

Linguistics, logical-mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal

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5
Q

According to Sternberg, intelligence is what?

A

Intelligence is a process

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6
Q

What are the 3 (triarchic theory) of Sternberg’s intelligence?

A

Practical
Creative
Analytical

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7
Q

Describe the triarchic theory:

Practical
Creative
Analytical

A
  1. Practical: ability to adapt to our environment (street smart).
    a. Effectively interacting with our everyday surroundings

b. Applying knowledge to solve problems in everyday life

  1. Creative
    a. Using prior knowledge/experience to create something new; abstract and imagining new stuff
  2. Analytical
    a. Use of intelligence that’s mostly tapped into in the educational system
    b. Ability to acquire, store, retrieve information; plan, make decisions and solve familiar problems based on what we know (no creation of new stuff or application to self-problems)
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8
Q

Jon can easily pick up knowledge and apply it to new situations.

What type of intelligence does Jon have?

A

Practical knowledge; easily adaptable

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9
Q

An example of applying fractions to double a recipe or applying physics formula in a classroom to find the speed of a car is what type of intelligence?

A

Practical knowledge; able to apply learned stuff to new stuff

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10
Q

Sam created a science project using prior knowledge. What type of intelligence does Sam have?

A

Creative; using prior knowledge to create something new

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11
Q

Ms. KC asks students to compare and contrast governments in the UK and China. What type if intelligence is Ms. KC asking students to use?

A

Analytical

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12
Q

Mr. J asks students to compare two characters in a novel then has them explaining a book’s main theme – what type of intelligence does he want them to use?

A

Analytical

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13
Q

T or F: Sternberg believed that the 3 intelligences were individual intelligence that was used purely by itself for tasks.

A

False - he acknowledged there’s a mixture of the intelligence.

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14
Q

Ms. A wants students to create an alternative ending for a book - what type of intelligence is she wanting them to use?

A

Creative intelligence

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15
Q

Does Sternberg’s intelligence matter in school success?

A

The Practical STAT (Sternberg’s Triarchic
Abilities Test) PREDICTS GPA SCORES.

Practical intelligence explains further from SAT scores

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16
Q

What is the main idea of the Common Core standards?

A

To emphasize scientific thinking; instill practical and creative intelligence.

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17
Q

Special Education is specifically designed…

A

At no cost to parent to meet the unique needs of a child (with disability)

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18
Q

What year did Public Law 94-142 take place? What is it?

A

1975 - All students with disability given free, appropriate education

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19
Q

What year did IDEA (individuals with disabilities act) take place? What is it?

A

IDEA = 1990

Specifically delineates what services would include:

  1. Evaluation and eligibility (school psychology)
  2. Appropriate education
  3. Education in the “Least Restrictive Environment”
  4. Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
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20
Q

Jim is placed in a special setting to accommodate his needs as a special ed student – is this what the Least Restrictive Placement is about?

A

No - he needs to place din a NORMAL setting, even if the classrooms require modifications and aides

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21
Q

What does IEPs include?

How is it completed?

A

Goals and detailed plans to improve student’s achievement and performance.

It’s completed by a team, updated annually, evaluated at a minimum of 3 years or sooner.

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22
Q

Jane has a severe allergy to peanuts, and Joe has celiacs disease - what section do they fall under?

A

Section 504 - service for kids that don’t fall under categories diagnosed under IDEA

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23
Q

What’s the main difference between G factor approach and Multiple Intelligence approach to intellignece?

A

G factor approach –> General intelligence
-Our general intelligence can be applied to many different subjects and tasks
-High g vs. Low g.
We can have a single score, or the IQ score.

Multiple intelligence
Intelligence is domain specific

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24
Q

ESSAY QUESTION 2:

Is there anything that’s represented in the Multiple Intelligences that I have missed when assessing my definition?

A

Essay

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25
Q

What’s the difference between disabilities and handicaps?

A

Disabilities refer to something specific such as mispronouncing words or vision impairment

A handicap is a Disadvantage to a situation

Some disabilities can lead to handicaps, but not in all contexts; for example, Stevie Wonder may not be able to drive, but he can play the shit out of a piano

26
Q

Which is the correct way of addressing someone with a disability?

Learning disable student

or

Student with learning disabilities

A

Student with learning disabilities

27
Q

Who is most likely to be identified as having a mental health condition?

A

African american students

28
Q

Who is the most underrepresented in programs for students who are gifted?

A

Blacks and Latinos

29
Q

Students in an 8th grade language arts class are playing Jeopardy to review for their next vocab exam. Which type of intelligence is at work?

a. fluid
b. crystallized
c. creative
d. practical

A

b. crystallized - this is related to the G factor - the information is already “hardened” and crystallized since they’re reviewing.

30
Q

A high school class that is comprised of 50% girls and 50% boys is being observed in terms of academic achievement. According to research, on average, what would you expect to see?

a. Girls have higher GPA
b. Boys have higher GPA
c. Girls have higher SAT scores
d. There are not significant differences

A

a. Girls have higher GPA

Girls tend to do cumulative things better (and get better grades and report cards), however boys are better at Standardized tests

31
Q

How would you distinguish Microsystems from Mesosystems?

A

Mesosystems is the relational workings of the Microsystems…

32
Q

“School’s not cool!” “You’re a sell-out” “you’re trying to be white!”- are what type of experiences for minorities?

A

Resistance culture

33
Q

Describe the Iceberg

A

The top is the observable culture, such as food; the bottom is all the unspoken differences

34
Q

Describe Fluid intelligence

A

It’s applying analytical skills to a situation

35
Q

At the beginning of a program, half of what Se-hyung learns is Korean and the other half is English. What type of instructional program does this illustrate?

A

Dual Immersion program - Early Exit

36
Q

What is the best way for teachers to use the intelligence theories in classroom?

Hint: 6 points of entry

A

It can be used as an entry-point when designing curriculum:

MI’s six entry points; narrative, logical-quantitative, aesthetic, experimental, interpersonal, and existential/foundational

  1. narrative: provide stories about something
  2. Logico-quantatative: examine darwin’s attempts to map the distributions of the species or pose logical problems…
  3. Aesthetic: DRAW darwin’s Galapagos island
  4. Experimental: Do lab activities
  5. Interpersonal: Form research teams or hold debates
  6. Existential: Consider questions about why things happen or purpose of it…
37
Q

Describe fluid intelligence

A

Fluid intelligence is grounded in biological brain development - so working memory and mental efficiency and reasoning abilities

38
Q

Describe crystallized intelligence

A

Crystallized intelligence is the ability to apply problem-solving methods to a context

39
Q

What did Gardner personally believe intelligence was?

A

A combo of linguistic and logico-mathmatical skills

40
Q

T or F: Gardner’s theory suggests that intelligence is domain-specific and can be generalized.

A

False - the MI theory is domain-specific and CANNOT be generalized

41
Q

Why was the first IQ test developed?

A

To identify students having trouble in regular classrooms

42
Q

What are the key components of the Standford-Binet IQ test and the subcomponents?

A

The components are:
1. Individually administered

  1. Areas of analysis (verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, abstract visual, STM)
  2. Verbal & non-verbal
43
Q

According to the IQ test, what does the following evaluate?

“A stitch in time saves nine”

A

Verbal reasoning

44
Q

According to the IQ test, what does the following evaluate?

Comparing the meaning of similar terms such as overjoyed and ecstatic

A

Verbal reasoning

45
Q

According to the IQ test, what does the following evaluate?

doing word problems

A

Quantitative reasoning

46
Q

According to the IQ test, what does the following evaluate?

repeating a list in the reverse order

A

STM or WM

47
Q

What is the main idea of multiple intelligences?

A

That if a child has less intelligence in one area, other areas should be cultivated

48
Q

Which of the following can increase throughout life span, and why?

Fluid or Crystallized intelligence

A

Crystallized intelligence - it includes learned skills (and we learn life-long).

49
Q

Making a quilt or designing a unit on symbolism, hailing a cab is an example of what type of intelligence?

Fluid or Crystallized

A

Crystallized - these are all things we’ve learned and can apply to new domains

50
Q

What’s the association between fluid and crystallized intelligence?

A

Fluid intelligence is the processing component, so solving problems - it helps us to develop Crystallized intelligence.

51
Q

What are some criticisms of Gardner’s theory?

A
  1. The 8 intelligences are not independent - there are correlations; logical-mathematical and spatial intelligences are highly correlated
  2. Some intelligences are just talents
52
Q

What does Gardner think about general intelligence?

A

He questions how useful general intelligence is in explaining human achievements

53
Q

What are the 2 lessons Gardner believes teachers should incorporate?

A
  1. Take individual differences seriously

2. Any concept should be taught in several different ways, not just 8 ways every single time (appropriately apply it)

54
Q

What does Sternberg think intelligence is?

A

Intelligence is about life success based on my own definition of success in my cultural context

55
Q

T or F: Sterberg believed the process involved in intelligence are universal for humans

A

True

56
Q

How are the processes of intelligence defined in Sternberg’s triarchic theory?

What is the relevance of these processes?

A

Components:

  1. Higher order planning, strategy, and monitoring (Metacomponents or Executive processes)
  2. Taking notes to focus attention in class (performance component)
  3. Gaining new knowledge and separating irrelevant information (knowledge-acquisition components)
    * These 3 components allow to develop 3 intelligences: Analytical, Creative, Practical
57
Q

Describe how Sternberg applies WICS

A

All of the 3 intelligences, plus Wisdom to ensure that decisions help to achieve common good

58
Q

Describe the Flynn effect.

A

The phenomenon of the average score of IQ tests going up 3 points each decade.

It doesn’t nec. mean we’re getting smarter, but we have better nutrition, medical care, complex abstract situations, mothers are more educated; etc…

59
Q

What type of intelligence does IQ tests primarily examine?

A

Analytical

60
Q

T or F: Scoring higher on IQ tests is related to academic achievement for children in all ethnic groups

A

True! There’s a strong relationship betwee IQ scores at 8 and 14

61
Q

Who is more likely to be diagnosed with a learning disability: Joe or Jane

A

Joe - more boys than girls

Educational Psych Exam 2 (2 decks)

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