Individual differences

Question 1

give 3 reasons why people differ

Answer 1

types of rewards
types of models
different behaviours observed

Question 2

what is token economy an example of

Answer 2

operant conditioning

Question 3

how can operant conditioning explain gender differences

Answer 3

parents positively reinforce certain gender behaviours in children (e.g. punish a boy for playing with dolls)

Question 4

how can social learning theory explain gender differences

Answer 4

boys are more aggressive (e.g. Bandura: non-aggressive males with a mallet= 18.7/ non-aggressive females with a mallet= 0.5)

Question 5

what is a biological reason to why boys are more aggressive

Answer 5

higher levels of testosterone

Question 6

why would classical conditioning argue against individual differences

Answer 6

it focuses on involuntary behaviours

Question 7

how could we argue that animals do have individual differences

Answer 7

animals have a less developed pre-frontal cortex, different habitats and reproductive methods