Indigenous peoples Flashcards
what does indigenous mean?
the first people to live in a place
what’s another name for Plains Indians?
native americans
examples of three indigenous tribes?
Sioux, Cheyenne, Blackfoot
what were bands in relation to Plains Indian’s tribes? (4)
-group of people in a tribe lead by a chief
-most people were related to each other.
-councils of advisers
-group survival was more important than individual survival
who were chiefs and what was their role in a tribe? (4)
-chosen because of wisdom and skills
-not chiefs for life
-decide where bands should go and what would happen to those who broke rules
-did not have to be obeyed
what happened in tribes? (4)
-bands in the same tribe supported each other
-tribal meetings of all the bands held each year
-chiefs and elders form tribal council
-some tribes part of larger groups called nations
What were big groups of tribes called?
nations
who made up the council?
chiefs and elders
what were warrior societies? (4)
-consisted of the best warriors from each tribe
-supervised hunting and protected their bands from attack
-raids and wars led by them
-consulted by council before making decisions
how did indigenous people view leadership? (3)
-no decision made until everyone in the council agreed to it
-rest of the tribe/band did not have to obey the decision
-chiefs and elders guided by spirits
what were band roles? (4)
- men hunted and fought enemies
- women made clothes, cared for family and looked after the tipi
- children were taught the skills of their parents and look after by everyone
- elders were respected for wisdom but were left behind to die if they were too weak
what guided chiefs and elders?
spirits
how did the US government moving children to schools away from their tribe impact their way of life?
they didn’t learn all the traditional skills from their people
what 2 animals did indigenous people need to survive?
buffalo and horses
who introduced horses to the indigenous people?
Spanish invaders
how did Plains Indians hunt buffalo?
on horseback as it was faster and easier
what part of the buffalo was used?
all of it except the heart which was left on the plains
what were the indigenous people’s beliefs about the buffalo’s heart?
it gave new life to a heard
what was done with the buffalo meat?
cut up by women and children, eaten raw or cooked- or stored for winter as jerky
how were wealth and status measured between tribes and individuals?
how many horses they had
what were the uses of horses? (3)
- hunting buffalo
- carrying belongings
- wealth and status
what did nomads tend to eat and why?
they ate wild fruits and plants because they did not settle long enough to grow crops
what did the nomadic lifestyle involve? (2)
- living in tipis made of wooden poles and covered in buffalo hide- their cone shape protected them from strong winds and flaps for ventilation in summer they could be packed down fast
- in winter the bands moved to sheltered valleys and lived in wooden lodges insulated with soil
how did bands adapt to survive on the Plains?
- they changed size depending on food availability
- raid other tribes for food and resources
what were indigenous people’s beliefs about nature? (3)
- everything in nature had a spirit that could either help or harm humans
- humans were a part of nature and should work with it rather then trying to control it
- contact spirit world through rituals and visions
what were indigenous people’s beliefs about land and property? (2)
- they had sacred areas, the Lakota Sioux believed the Black hills was sacred as that is where their tribe was thought to come from
- generally, no one owned land as it was not anyone’s property and not something to buy and keep for yourself
what were the indigenous people’s attitudes to war? (3)
- indigenous society was full of conflict but they tried to avoid killing as young men were essential to a tribes survival
- warriors were the most respected for ‘counting coup’- landing a blow on an enemy but getting away without getting injured
- they would run away if they were losing
