Indian Classical Music Flashcards
Classical Indian Music
- Hindustani
2. Carnatic
- Oldest and Grandest form of Hindustani Music
- Finds mention in Natyashastra
- Zenith in Akbar court
- Tansen, Baba Gopal Das, Swami Haridas are famous proponents
- 4 to 5 stanzas accompanied by Tanpura and Pakhawaj
Dhrupad
Gharanas of Dhrupad
- Dagari Gharana : Dagar family (Gundecha Brothers)
- Darbhanga Gharana : Mallik family (Ram Chatur Mallik, Siyaram Tewari) - Haveli Style
- Bettiah Gharana : Mishras (Indra Kumar Mishra) - Haveli Style
- Talwandi Gharana : Pakistan
- Another style of Hindustani Music
- Origin attributed to Amir Khusrau (A.Khilji court)
- Composition called “Bandish”
Khayal
Gharanas of Khayal
- Gwalior Gharana : (Oldest) Nathu Singh, Vishnu Palushkar
- Kirana Gharana : (named after town in UP) Nayak Gopal founded, made popular by Abdul Karim Khan, Abdul Wahid Khan, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, Gangubai Hangal
- Agra Gharana : Khudabaksh esgablished, Faiyyaz Khan renamed as Rangila Gharana. Blend of Khyal and Dhrupad-damar
- Patiala Gharana : Bade Fateh Ali Khan, Ali Baksh Khan
- Bhendibazaar Gharana : Control on their breaths, Chhajju Khan, Nazir Khan, Khadim Hussain Khan
- Invented by Amir Khusrau
- Used by Guru Gobind Singh
- Fast tempo
- Pandit Rattan Mohan Sharma : Fastest tarana singer : Tarana ke Baadshah
Tarana Style
- Inspired by Bhakti Movement
- Composition in Hindi in Braj bhasha dialect
- Linked to Kathak
- Usually sung in female voice
- Begum Akhtar, Girija Devi
Thumri
- Folks of Camel riders of North West India
- Brought to Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah court
Tappa
- Rhyming couplets
- Said that Amir Khusrau was first expounded
- Became famous in South Asia due to the influence of Sufi mystics on Islamic sultanate in India
- Never exceeds 12 couplets
- Muhammad Iqbal, Mirza Ghalib, Kazi Nazrul Islam
Ghazal
Carnatic Music
- Pallavi, Anu Pallavi, Charanam
- Tanam : Played with mridangam
- Ragam : without mridangam
- First known composer of Carnatic Music
- Lord Venkateswara
- Mainly in Telugu
- Grandfather of Telugu Song Writing
Annamacharya (1408-1503)
- Pitamaha or Father of Carnatic Music
- Lord Krishna
- He is believed to be avatar of Narada
- Famous composition : Dasa Sahithya
Purandara Dasa (1484-1564)
- Used to travel
- Lord Krishna
- His compositions used in Bharatnatyam and Kuchipudi
- Telugu poet
Kshetrayya (1600-1680)
- Praise of Lord Rama in Telugu
- One among Vageyakaras (compose lyrics, set music)
Bhadrachala Ramadasu (1620-1680)
Trinity of Carnatic Music
All three were born in Tiruvarur and are contemporaries
Tyagaraja (1767-1847)
- Telugu in praise of Lord Rama
- Pancharatna Kritis
- Crater on Mercury named after him
Muthuswami Dikshitar (1775-1835)
- Sanskrit
- Use of gamaka
- Guruguha
- Veena player
Syama Sastri (1762-1827)
- Telugu in praise of Goddess Kamakshi
- Syama Krishna
- Svarajati genre attributed to him
- Set up by VD Paluskar in 1901 in Lahore
- Later shifted to Mumbai in 1915
Gandharva Mahavidyalaya
- Established in Allahabad in 1926 for education on
Hindustani Music
Prayag Sangeet Samiti
- First National Academy was set up by the government in 1952
Sangeet Natak Akademi
- Founded by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande in 1926
- Later renamed as Bhatkhande Music Institute
Marris College of Music
- Established by Kiran Seth in 1977
SPIC MACAY: Society for Promotion of Indian Classical Music And Culture Amongest Youth
- Annual Indian Classical Music Festival
- At National Centre for Performing Arts in Mumbai
Chaturprahar
