INDIAN ANTRACTIC BILL - India's Arctic Policy

Question 1

the government has introduced the ____ in the Lok Sabha, which envisages regulating visits and activities to Antarctica as well potential disputes that may arise among those present on the continent.

Answer 1

‘Antarctic Bill’

Question 2

There are ___ permanent research stations in Antarctica

Answer 2

40

Maitri and Bharati — are Indian

Question 3

____ is an intergovernmental body that promotes research and facilitates cooperation among Arctic countries on issues related to the environmental protection and sustainable development of the Arctic region.

Answer 3

Arctic Council

Question 4

India maintains two research stations on the continent:

Answer 4

• ‘Maitri’ (commissioned in 1989) at Schirmacher Hills
• ‘Bharati’ (2012) at Larsemann Hills

Question 5

____ is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional programme under the control of the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Answer 5

Indian Antarctic Programme

Question 6

ndia officially acceded to the Antarctic Treaty System in

Answer 6

August 1983

Question 7

____ is a multilateral response to concerns that unregulated increases in krill catches in the Southern Ocean could be detrimental for Antarctic marine ecosystems particularly for seabirds, seals, whales and fish that depend on krill for food.

Answer 7

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)

was established by international convention in 1982

It’s Secretariat is located in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

Question 8

Arctic Council has ____ circumpolar countries

Answer 8

eight

Question 9

The standing Arctic Council Secretariat formally became operational in

Answer 9

2013 in Tromsø, Norway

Question 10

Which decleration declares Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden and the United States of America as a member of the Arctic Council?

Answer 10

Ottawa Declaration

Denmarks represents Greenland and the Faroe Islands

Question 11

As of 2022, ____ non-Arctic states have Observer status.

Answer 11

thirteen

India, 2013

Question 12

Arctic Council

it acts as a strengthening and supporting mechanism to encourage national actions to reduce emissions and other releases of pollutants.

Answer 12

Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP)

Question 13

Arctic Council

it monitors the Arctic environment, ecosystems and human populations, and provides scientific advice to support governments as they tackle pollution and adverse effects of climate change.

Answer 13

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)

Question 14

Arctic Council

it addresses the conservation of Arctic biodiversity, working to ensure the sustainability of the Arctic’s living resources.

Answer 14

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF)

Question 15

Arctic Council

it works to protect the Arctic environment from the threat or impact of an accidental release of pollutants or radionuclides.

Answer 15

Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response Working Group (EPPR)

Question 16

Arctic Council

it is the focal point of the Arctic Council’s activities related to the protection and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment.

Answer 16

Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) Working Group

Question 17

Arctic Council

it works to advance sustainable development in the Arctic and to improve the conditions of Arctic communities as a whole.

Answer 17

Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG)

Question 18

The Chairmanship of the Arctic Council rotates every

Answer 18

2 years

Question 19

The first country to chair the Arctic Council was

Answer 19

Canada (1996-1998)

Question 20

Current Chairmanship is under

Answer 20

Russia(22-23)

Question 21

The Council has also provided a forum for the negotiation of ____ important legally binding agreements among the eight Arctic States.

Answer 21

Three

• First : Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic, was signed in Nuuk, Greenland,2011
• Second : Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic, was signed in Kiruna, Sweden, 2013
• Third : Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation , was signed in Fairbanks, Alaska, 2017

Question 22

It is a nodal organisation coordinating the research activities at the stations at the poles. Name it

Answer 22

“National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research”

Question 23

“National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research.” was renamed from:

Answer 23

“National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research”

Question 24

India’s engagement with the Arctic began when it signed the

Answer 24

Svalbard Treaty in 1920 in Paris

Question 25

Which is the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, part of Norway, in the Arctic Ocean?

Answer 25

Spitsbergen

is the only permanently inhabited part of Svalbard