INDIAN Flashcards
_________ is the story of how powerful and popular religions celebrated their beliefs through monumental design
Early Indian architecture
Materials used
Timber
White Marble
Rock-cut
North roof
Flat roof
West coast roof
Pitched
3 Indian periods
Jain
Mughal
Hindu
2 regional styles
Nagara
Dravida
Indian Buddhist Monastery
A. Vihara
B. Pagoda
C. Chaitya
A. VIHARA
Indian Buddhist Temple
A. TORANA–
B. BAS RELIEFS
C. CHAITYA
C. CHAITYA
Depicting scenes of daily life and story of Buddha. The female form in its voluptuous form is often used
A. BAS RELIEFS
B. STUPA
C. GOPURAM
A. BAS RELIEF
Architect of Indian Museum in Calcutta, the Largest & oldest museum in India
WALTER GRANVILLE
Gateway to Indian Temple
A. TORANA
B. GOPURAM
C. GARBA GRIHA
A. TORANA
Gateway to Dravidian Temple
A. GOPURAM
B. TORANA
C. VIHARA
A. GOPURAM
Oldest Buddhist temple in central Java
A. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
B. KALASAN TEMPLE
C. TAJ MAHAL
B. KALASAN TEMPLE
Largest Hindu temple in Southeast Asia with magnificent spectacle and an icon of Indonesia’s cultural heritage
A. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
B. ANTE CHAMBER
C. KALASAN TEMPLE
C. PRAMBANAN TEMPLE
Temple Mound
A. STUPA
B. SIKHARA
C. PAGODA
A. STUPA
Temple Spire
A. TORANA
B. GARBA GRIHA
C. SIKHARA
C. SIKHARA
Temple Tower
A. SIKHARA
B. STUPA
C. PAGODA
C. PAGODA
Womb-chamber / inner chamber of the temple
A. GARBA GRIHA
B. ANTE CHAMBER
C. CHAITYA
A. GARBA GRIHA
Entrance Hall
A. NATA MANDIRA
B. GARBA GRIHA
C. ANTE CHAMBER
C. ANTE CHAMBER
hall for temple-dancing / temple hall
A. PUJARIS
B. DEVALAYA
C. NATA MANDIRA
C. NATA MANDIRA
dwelling place of a particular god
A. PRASADA
B. DEVALAYA
C. TIRTHA
B. DEVALAYA
a sacred place where heaven and earth meet
TIRTHA
The religion that has evolved due to the combination of faths of Aryans & Dravidians
Hinduism
Founded by MAHAVEER or VADHAMAN around 599BC
Jain
“nirvana”
Jain “praise be to God”
“nirvana”
Jain, “praise be to God”
Comprises many urban settlements,
including the large cities of Harappa & Mojenjo Daro.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
Peaks of the towers rising from the core of Hindu Temples
SIKHARA
Hindu Temples tell stories as they rise skywards
A. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
B. ANIMAL STATUARY
C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
To Hindus, all life is sacred and deserving of representation
A. ANIMAL STATUARY
B. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
C. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
A. ANIMAL STATUARY
It was art form in itself, requiring years of disciplined training
A. ANIMAL STATUARY
B. FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
C. SYMBOLIC LAYERS
B FIGURATIVE DECORATIONS
_____ gained prominence duing the reign of the emperor Ashoka around 3rd Century BC
BUDDHIST
Place of Worship with stupa at one end
A. CHAITYA HALL
B. STUPA
C. VIHARA
A. CHAITYA HALL
Type of stupa: relics or remains of the Buddha
A. VOTIVE STUPA
B. OBJECT STUPA
C. RELIC STUPA
C. RELIC STUPA
type of stupa: objects of stupa
A. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
B. OBJECT STUPA
C. SYMBOLIC STUPA
B. OBJECT STUPA
type of stupa: built to commemorate events in the lives of Buddha or his disciples
A. RELIC STUPA
B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
Type of stupa: to symbolize aspects of Buddhist theology
A. SYMBOLIC STUPA
B. VOTIVE STUPA
A. SYMBOLIC STUPA
type of stupa: constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits, usually at the site of prominent stupas which are regularly visited.
A. VOTIVE STUPA
B. COMMEMORATIVE STUPA
A. VOTIVE STUPA
THE STUPA MAY REPRESENT THE 5 PURIFIED ELEMENTS:
SQUARE =
HEMISPHERICAL FOME/VASE =
CONICAL SPIRE =
UPPER LOTUS PARASOL & CRESCENT MOON =
SUN & DISSOLVING POINT =
Earth
Water
Fire
Air
Space
Buddha’s first ever discourse, delivered here at Sarnath, is known in Pali as the Dhammacakkhapavatthana Sutta, to five disciples who was preaching the middle path for attaining Nirvana
A. SANCHI STUPA
B. SARNATH TEMPLE
B. SARNATH TEMPLE
The foundation stone was laid by one of the greatest emperors of India, Ashoka
A. SANCHI STUPA
B. AMRAVATI STUPA
A. SANCHI STUPA
Oldest stone structure in India Simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha
Crowned by chatra– parasol-like symbolizing high rank
A. HINDU TEMPLES
B. SANCHI STUPA
B. SANCHI STUPA
“Mahachaitya Stupa”
A. SANCHI STUPA
B. AMRAVATI STUPA
B. AMRAVATI STUPA
LARGEST STUPA in India
Birthplace of Buddhism
Built during 2nd century BCE
A. AMRAVATI STUPA
B. SANCHI STUPA
A. AMRAVATI
Early temples were _______
Rock-cut
The temple is a representation of the macrocosm (________) as well as the microcosm (______________)
the universe
the inner space
the __________ or womb-chamber, is where the image is housed
Garba griha
The structural system of temples was essentially _____ &______ and with massive blocks of stone being the basic raw material for local craftsman
POST AND BEAM
The first materials used were _____ and __________, but architects gradually moved on to brick and stone, especially sandstone, granite, schist and marble
wood
terracotta
*3 MAJOR INDIAN TEMPLE TYPES:
NAGARA STYLE –
DRAVIDA –
VESARA –
Northern
Southern
Hybrid style
Characterized by a BEEHIVE shaped tower called a SHIKHARA
NAGARA STYLE
Type of temple
The plan is based on a square
NAGARA STYLE
Type of temple
Have arches known as GAVAKSHAS and are topped by an AMALAKA – large fluted stone disk – and also a small pot and finial
NAGARA STYLE
Style Developed around the 5th century
NAGARA STYLE
Style Developed around 7th century
SOUTHERN DRAVIDA STYLE
Pyramid shaped tower consisting of progressively smaller storeys of small pavilions, a narrow throat, a dome on top
DRAVIDA STYLE
Towers = VIMANA are more dome-like with cornices, and they are topped by another smaller dome
DRAVIDA STYLE
The most famous Islamic buildings in Inda emerged during the _______ Period
Mughal
Mughal
Building material: constructed mostly of ___ ______ and _____ _______
red sandstone
white marble
Built with a special Mughal (Mogul) type of architecture which is a combination of many different types of architecture including Persian, Central, Asian and Islamic
Taj mahal
Taj mahal was erected by S____ J_____ to the memory of Arjumand Banu Begum called MUMTAZ MAHAL
SHAH JAHAN
Taj mahal took how many years to construct
22 yrs
_______ is a religion basically followed in the northern Indian state of Punjab and forms the fourth largest community in India
Sikhism
The sikh boast of the most prominent temple that describes the Indian architecture, The ______ Temple, made completely of GOLD
Golden
Characteristics of sikh architecture
Vigor
Valor
Versatility
This architecture as many curves and straight lines
Sikh architecture
