CHINESE Flashcards
Influenced by conservative philosophies like
Confucianism, Taoism
Traditional Chinese buildings are always found in _____________, whether they are residences, temples or palaces.
pairs or groups
Styles of Chinese ancient architecture are _____ and ____, such as temples, imperial palaces, altars, pavilions, official residences and folk houses, which greatly reflect Chinese ancient thought – the harmonious unity of human beings with nature.
rich and varied
Most structures in Chinese Architecture are simple _________ , and it is the architectural complex composed by single structures rather than the single structures themselves that expresses the broadness and magnanimousness of ancient Chinese Architecture.
rectangles
Feng shui is based on G_______
GEOMANCY
Basic materials:
T_______
B_______
B______ S
L_______ & S ______
TIMBER
BAMBOO
BRICKS
LIMESTONE & SANDSTONE
PERSEA NANMU
tallest and straightest of all trees in China
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER CHINESE ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE
C_______ of S________
Enclosure and/or _____________
H_______y
H_________ E_________
__________ and c__________
C__________
Concept of Symmetry
Enclosure and/or modular system
Hierarchy
Horizontal Emphasis
Material and construction
Cosmology
THE AXIAL CITY PLAN AND SITE PLAN is influenced by?
Confucianism
An _____________ layout was the most suitable means of expressing the concept of rigid hierarchical social system in ancient China.
axial symmetrical city layout
*axial layout**
The placement of buildings in a property or complex are based on the _______ and the importance of building.
Hierarchy
Buildings with doors facing the front of the property are important than those facing sides
Buildings facing away from the front of the property are least important
_______-facing = held in higher esteem and reserved for elder members/ ancestral plaques
South facing
____&____ = for junior members of family
East & West
Common Characteristics of Classical Chinese cities
Axial layout/plan
- place important building at the center
Square plan
Enclosed inside wall
Essential point of Confucianism is ________ = primary source of happiness is harmony in family
HARMONY
= major axis
= minor axis
North-South
East-West
TING (____) – largest and the most formal room used to treat important guests
TANG (_________) – the place to hold family meeting
L’OU (________) – the place for family member live and for taking advantage of scenery
TING (_______) – the place for relaxation
Hall
living room
Apartment
pavilion
Ancient Chinese house = enclosed by high __________, 1 or 2 doors lead out to the street
solid walls
What type of system/technique uses one of the basic principles of classical Chinese buildings is the use of a module
Modular system
– a structured by as a standard unit to construct all buildings. It is a rectangular space marked by adjacent structural frames.
Jian
The art of traditional Chinese architecture may be seen as the ________ of _____
aesthetic of wood
Use of COURTYARDS
Temperature regulation & venting the building complexes
Commonly found in Northern Chinese Architecture
ENCLOSURE
Serves to collect rain water from the roof tops
Sky well
Vents for rising hot air and most important feature in Hui Style Architecture
Sky well
Wood framework systems for Chinese homes and other buildings were standardized by the
Ming Dynasty
WOODEN FRAMING SYSTEM
To support the ___________ – distributes gravitational forces _________ and then out through the wooden frame
heavy tile roof
downward
Non load-bearing walls can be made of many diff materials:
B
E
W
B
C______ s_____
brick, earth, wood, bamboo, or cotton stalks
Pillars and Beams
TAI-LANG
Pillar and Transverse Tie Beam
CHUAN DUO
Difference from European traditions is that Chinese timber buildings do not rely on triangular bracing to create rigidity, but use instead elaborately jointed corbelled brackets known
dougongs
Pillars-and-Transverse-tie-beams systems under construction in Sichuan province
Often used in the southwhere the houses are deeper
CHUAN DUO SYSTEM
Curved roof with raised eaves would enable more ____ to enter the house and better view outside from inside
light
Dragons (Long) = represent the
emperor and divinity
Phoenix (Feng) =
affluence
Tiger – represent
divine power and strength
roof framing of chinese
SQUARE
Single or double hip roofs are reserved for the most important buildings
WUDIAN
Gable roofs (single or double) have nine ridges, in contrast to the five ridges of hip roofs. This style denotes temples or mansions of **secondary importance*” constructed for high-ranking officials
XIESHAN
6 Categories of roof style
Hip - most important
Gable - secondary important
Pyramid - garden
Flush gable - worker’s house
Overhanging gable - servants house
Round ridge - gardens and side halls
Arranged like flowers
DOUGONG (Corbel brackets)
The Hall of Supreme Harmony boasts __________ ornaments
13,433 individual dragons
Statuettes placed along the ridge line of official buildings of the Chinese empire
Only for Official buildings (palaces, governments, and some temples)
ZENGWEN (Zoomorphic Ornaments
Highest and biggest city
IMPERIAL CITY
It is the world’s largest palace complex
FORBIDDEN CITY | 1407-20
FORBIDDEN CITY
3 BIG HALLS WHERE THE EMPEROR HOLDS GRAND CELEBRATIONS
SUPREME HARMONY
MIDDLE HARMONY
PRESERVING HARMONY
MERIDIAN GATE
Main and most important gate
“Noon Gate”
FOO LION
Gate of Heavenly Purity, Imperial Palace.
Also called Foo Dogs
GOLD
Noblest color
HEXICAIHUA
a kind of Chinese color painting
Introduced to China from India around the first century AD
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE
Divided into three branches:
Chinese Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism
Pali Buddhism
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE
PINYIN TA
PAGODA
Pagoda, ______ plan
Octagonal
Usual number of pagodas
13
Pagoda ______ in plan
Polygonal
Pagoda have ___ number if layers (7/9 layer)
Odd
The shape of cross-section of pagoda is _________, 8 sided or even circular
rectangular
TA’IS
Chinese pagoda
SONGYUE PAGODA
oldest existent stone pagoda in China
Often chiselled into cliffs
GROTTOES
YUNGANG GROTTOES
___ statues from the ___ caves survive
Datong of Shanxi Province
50 thousand
52 caves
Main form of Buddhist Architecture
TEMPLE
Temples follows Imperial Style but with ____ roof tiles
green
Buddhist temples tend to be decorated in ___ or _____, and there is a main hall for a statue of Bodhisattva
red
Black
Buddhist Temples are called
Miso
BOROBUDOR TEMPLE
LARGEST BUDDHIST TEMPLE
LONGXING TEMPLE
Dafo (big Buddha) Temple – huge bronze statue of Buddha
_____ temple roofs are generally blue
Taoist
oldest and most extensive Taoist temple in Chengdu area
QINGYANG PALACE
_______, a word from ancient Sanskrit meaning a square or round tomb or a soul shrine
STUPA
These dome-shaped graves or _____, of the saints were regarded as holy places
tumuli
PAILOU/BAILOU/PAIFANG
Erected in memory of virtuous people
spacious and grandiose with variety of plants, symbolic trees and smaller gardens for specific purposes
IMPERIAL GARDENS
built in urban areas, neighbored with residences generally small and simple due to expensive land
PRIVATE GARDENS
found in monasteries against quiet and Verdant Mountain, with naturaly beauty and solemn within the sacred atmosphere
MONASTIC GARDENS
largest, best preserved and most interesting royal gardens in the world
SUMMER PLACE
It is a series of stone and earthened fortifications built by a number of emperors to protect the northern borders against nomadic tribes
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
dynasty
Built by tamping earth between board frames
QIN DYNASTY
dynasty
Large brick and lime as new material
HAN DYNASTY
Bricks
MING DYNASTY
