India-Geography

Question 1

Extent of Great Mountains of North

Answer 1

From pamir plateau in the west to the Indo-Myanmar border in the east, there is a chain of mountains.

Question 2

The mountains extending between Pamir Plateau and Indus river in Kashmir?

Answer 2

Karakoram ranges

Question 3

Mountains running between Indus and Brahmaputra?

Answer 3

Himalayas, meaning the abode of snow. The eastern extension along the border of Myanmar is known as the Purvanchal

Question 4

World’s largest glaciers in Karakoram ranges?

Answer 4

Baltora, Siachen

Question 5

World’s second highest peak?

Answer 5

K2 (Godwin Austin) belongs to Karakoram range

Question 6

Three parallel ranges of Himalayas?

Answer 6

Height of ranges increase from south to north. The southernmost range called the Siwalik is the lowest. The ranges lying north of the Siwalik are known as the middle Himalayas or the Himachal. The northernmost ranges if the Himalayas are known as Himadri, and are the highest.

Question 7

Describe Siwalik?

Answer 7

It is made of unconsolidated materials such as mud, silt and soft rocks. This is not a continuous range and merges with other ranges in the east. Some narrow valleys are found in this part known as ‘duns’ e.g. Dehradun

Question 8

Describe Himachal?

Answer 8

Forests and meadows cover many slopes. Springs, waterfalls and numerous streams winding their ways through narrow valleys provide beautiful sight which attracts tourists. Some of the places are famous for hill resorts such as Dalhousie, Dharmashala, Simla, Mussorie, Nainital and Darjeeling

Question 9

Describe Himadri?

Answer 9

They contain some of the world’s highest peaks. Mt Everest, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat, Nanda Devi and Dhaulagiri are found here.

Question 10

Hills of Purvanchal?

Answer 10

Patkai Bum, Naga hills, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia and the Lushai hills

Question 11

Extent of Northern Plains?

Answer 11

From the Satluj in the west to the Brahmaputra in the east. It is made up of alluvium brought by the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra and their tributaries.

Question 12

Where does Indus and Brahmaputra rise?

Answer 12

Near Lake Mansarovar but Indus flows westwards while Brahmaputra flows eastwards.

Question 13

Path of Indus?

Answer 13

Indus flows westwards from Lake Mansarovar enters Jammu and Kashmir and then takes a southward turn after entering Pakistan. It drains into the Arabian Sea. Its main tributaries are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj.

Question 14

Path Of Brahmaputra?

Answer 14

Brahmaputra flows eastwards from Lake Mansarovar and then takes a sharp turn north of Arunachal Pradesh and enters India. After flowing through Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, it enters Bangladesh and joins the Ganga to form the largest delta in the world.

Question 15

Path of Ganga?

Answer 15

The Alaknanda and Bhagirathi are the two source streams of the Ganga. They unite at Devprayag and henceforth, derive the name Ganga. It is the longest river in India. The Yamuna, the Chambal and the Son are its main right-bank tributaries while Gomati, Ghaghra, Gandak and Kosi are left-bank tributaries. These rivers make one of the most fertile plains of the world.

Question 16

Describe Peninsular Plateau?

Answer 16

It is made up of igneous and metamorphic rocks and is the oldest part of India. Hills with lesser heights and rounded tops are present here. The peninsular plateau is broadly divided into the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.

Question 17

Describe Central Highlands?

Answer 17

The northern part of the Peninsula north of Vindhyas is known as the Central Highlands. It is bounded by Aravalis in the north-west, merging gradually with Ganga plains in the north. The Central Highlands consists of series of plateaus from west to east. The western part is known as Malwa Plateau. Its eastern part in south Bihar is known as the Chhotanagpur plateau. Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand lie in between.

Question 18

Thar Desert?

Answer 18

Lies west to the Aravali range. It is sandy and rocky desert. Few small streams draining this region either fall into salt lakes or disappear into sands.

Question 19

Extent of Deccan Plateau?

Answer 19

From Vindhyas in the north to the tip of the peninsula in the south

Question 20

Describe Western Ghats?

Answer 20

Forms the western edge of the plateau and is comparatively continuous and higher than Eastern Ghats. The western ghats consist of Sahyadri, thr Nilgiris, the Annamalai, and the Cardamom hills. Height of the western ghats increases from north to south

Question 21

Highest peak of peninsular India?

Answer 21

Anai Mudi in Kerala

Question 22

Describe Eastern Ghats?

Answer 22

The Deccan plateau slopes gently towards the east. Eastern ghats consists of low discontinuous hills.

Question 23

Describe Deccan Trap?

Answer 23

The north-western part of the Deccan plateau is made up of lava flows. This part is known as the Deccan Trap. It covers almost the whole of Maharasthra, parts of Gujarat and MP

Question 24

Rivers of Peninsular India?

Answer 24

Narmada and Tapi rise in the hills of Central India and flows westwards to join Arabian sea. The Narmada flows through a narrow valley between the Vindhyas in the north and Satpura in the south. Tapi flows south of Satpura. Other major rivers- mahanadi, Gidavari, Krishna, and Kaveri flows eastward and join the Bay of Bengal.

Question 25

Longest Peninsular river?

Answer 25

Godavari

Question 26

Describe Coastal Plains?

Answer 26

The Deccan plateau is flanked by coastal plains on both sides. The western coastal plain is broadest in the north and includes the plain of Gujarat as well. It narrows down towards south. South of Gujarat, it is known as KONKAN COAST. The southern part of the coast is known as the MALABAR COAST. The western coastline is slightly indented having estuaries of the Narmada and Tapi in the north and lagoons or backwaters in Kerala.
The eastern coastal plain is wider and more levelled than the western coast. In the north this plain merges with Ganga-Brahmaputra delta. The northern part of this coast is known ad Northern Circar and the southern part as Coromondel coast

Question 27

Islands of India?

Answer 27

Lakshadweep in the west of Kerala coast. They are of coral origin.
Andaman and Nicobar islands are located in Bay of Bengal. They are bigger in size. While some of the islands are of volcanic origin, others are submerged hill ranges.

Question 28

Southernmost part of India?

Answer 28

Indira Point, located in Great Nicobar Island

Question 29

Physical features of India?

Answer 29

1. The Great Mountains of the North
2. The North Indian Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Coastal Plains
5. The Islands

Question 30

Factors influencing Indian climate?

Answer 30

1. Tropic of Cancer divides our country into two equal halves. Southern part lies in Tropical region whereas Northern Part lies in Sub-Tropical region
2. Tapering shape and Long coastline
3. Relief

Question 31

Seasons of India?

Answer 31

1. Cold weather season
2. Hot weather season
3. Season of advancing monsoon
4. Season of retreating monsoon

Question 32

Describe cold weather season of India?

Answer 32

Begins in mid-november and stays till Feb. January is usually the coldest month. Winters are more pronounced in northern India.
India lies in the trade wind-belt of the northern hemisphere. As such, north-east trades blow over India from land to sea and are therefore dry. While blowing over the Bay of Bengal they pick up moisture and give rain on the Coromandel Coast. These winds are called NORTH-EAST MONSOON.
The pleasant weather of winter is occasionally disturbed by shallow cyclonic depressions from the west. These depressions originate in the Mediterranean sea. Moving eastwards they enter India and cause precipitation over north-west India. These are known as WESTERN DISTURBANCES.

Question 33

Describe Hot weather season of India?

Answer 33

Weather start changing from Feb-March in a progressive manner from south to north. Temperature starts rising. Nights also become quite hot. In the larger parts of the Ganga plains, the hot and dry winds called loo are common during this season. This is the hot weather season for India which extends from March to May. Due to high temperature, air pressure decreases and often gives rise to locally formed dust storms and thunderstorms. At times, they bring some rain and cool the atmosphere temporarily.

Question 34

Describe season of Advancing monsoons?

Answer 34

Intense heating of the land during April-May causes the formation of a low pressure area over north-west India. As its intensity increases, the south-east trade winds which blow towards the equatorial low pressure get attracted towards it. After crossing the equator, they get deflected towards their right in the northern hemisphere and flow as south-west monsoon. This is the season of advancing monsoon. The Indian peninsula divides them into two main branches- Arabian sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The Arabian sea branch arrives at west coast of India and Bay of Bengal branch at Bengal coast and the southern face of the Shillong plateau. Then it gets deflected and flows westward along the Ganga valley. Both the branches reach India by the beginning of June which is known as Onset of Monsoons. Since these winds come from ocean, they are full of moisture and cause rainfall.

Question 35

Why Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during June to September?

Answer 35

Because it falls in the rain shadow area of the Arabian sea branch and is parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch

Question 36

Describe season of Retreating monsoon?

Answer 36

From second week of Sep, the south-west monsoon begins to retreat gradually from northern India. Wind direction gradually changes with the weakening of the south-west monsoon. The north-east trade winds take over and it is commonly known as the north-east monsoon. TN coast receives rainfall during this time i.e. October to December.
These are transitional months between hot rainy season and cold dry season. By this time, low pressure area shifts from north-western part of India to the Bay of Bengal. Cyclones originating over the Bay of Bengal reach the eastern coast of India. They cause heavy and widespread rain in coastal areas of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and TN

Question 37

Alluvial soils?

Answer 37

Alluvial soils are made up of fine silt deposited by rivers. It id one of the most fertile soils of the world. These are found in the northern plains and the river deltas. Very fine and relatively new alluvium found in the flood plains and the delta of the Ganga-Brahmaputra is known as KHADAR. Relatively old coarse alluvium is known as BANGAR. It is found on the upper sides of river valleys

Question 38

Black soils?

Answer 38

These are made up of volcanic rocks of lava flows. They are clayey and retain moisture for a long period. These soils are fertile. They are found mainly in the Deccan Trap region of Maharashtra and parts of MP and Gujarat. These soils are mainly suited for raising cotton crops. Also known as Black cotton soil, and regur soil.

Question 39

Red Soil?

Answer 39

These are derived from igneous rocks in the hot and relatively dry parts of the southern and the eastern parts of the Indian Peninsula. These soils are less fertile but can yield good crops by the use of fertilizers

Question 40

Laterite soils?

Answer 40

These are found in hot and rainy climates of the hilly regions of the Western Ghats, the Chhota Nagpur plateau and some parts of the north-eastern states. Due to heavy rainfall, the nutrients of the top soil percolate downwards. This process is known as leaching. These soils are deficient in humus and hence less fertile.

Question 41

Mountainous soil?

Answer 41

Soil found in mountainous region of the Himalayas, soil cover is generally thin.

Question 42

Sandy soil?

Answer 42

Found in arid region of Rajasthan and Gujarat are classified as desert soil. They are loose and lack soil moisture