India Final Exam

Question 1

Hinduism

Answer 1

Religious label for those who follow the Hinduism, based on the Vedas, puranas, etc.

Question 2

Bhakti

Answer 2

Devotional practice in Hinduism, sensory saturation, flooded in divine love.

Question 3

Vaishnavism

Answer 3

Aspect of Hinduism, based on the Puranas, Krishna is an avatar of vishnu

Question 4

Avatar

Answer 4

Representation, incarnation of one of the dieties, Vishnu is an avatar of Krishna

Question 5

Krishna

Answer 5

8th avatar of vishnu

Question 6

Sufism

Answer 6

Susila, saint worship. master and disciple lineage, all somewhat descended to son of Muhammad, ali. Qawwali is major form of musical worship.

Question 7

Sikhism

Answer 7

Nexus of Hinduism and Islam, drawn from shared poetry. Founded by Guru Nanak, who adapted poetry from different religions. God cant be seen, formless.

Question 8

Pandit/Ustad

Answer 8

Translates to learned or doctor in hindu background, focus on classical art and textual or historical based, God the divine is center of historical text. Ustad is used for Muslims, but primarily a transman title rather than that of a scholar. Ustad - Craftmanship, Pandit - Musicianship

Question 9

Guru

Answer 9

Teacher of shisha, master disciple relationship.

Question 10

Devadasi

Answer 10

South Indian courtly dancer, often associated with sex work

Question 11

Tawaif

Answer 11

North indian courtly dancer, also associated with sex work

Question 12

caste

Answer 12

Social classification often centered around ones job, sometimes family lineages, but not always.

Question 13

Ni’mat Kang Sadarang

Answer 13

Shift from dhrupad to khayal singing. Connected with Sufi shrines. Pioneered the style of Khyal that was popular around Delhi

Question 14

Miyan Tensen

Answer 14

Monarch of Hindustani music, major musician in Akhbars court, attributed with the creation of many ragas

Question 15

Tyagaraja

Answer 15

Major composer of carnatak music

Question 16

Mirabai/Meera

Answer 16

Famous woman Poet-saint of North Indian tradition, devotional music to Krishna

Question 17

Amir Khusrau

Answer 17

Poetry became the foundation of Qawwali. Musical forms based on Arabic poetry.

Question 18

Guru Nanak

Answer 18

Founding guru of sikhism, Adpoted poetry from many different religions.

Question 19

alap

Answer 19

a melody performed without rythmic accompaniment, made up of alap, jor, and jhala in the dhrupad style.

Question 20

khyal

Answer 20

North Indian singing, Arabic for the imagination of fantasy. Poetry, sthayi and antara are sections of this.

Question 21

murka

Answer 21

characteristic melody of a Bandish or gat that is returned to

Question 22

kirti

Answer 22

carnatic partially through-composed song, made up of pallavi, anupallavi, and charnam

Question 23

pallavi

Answer 23

the refrain of the kriti form.

Question 24

bhajan/kirtan

Answer 24

hindu devotional song, kirtan is sometimes regarded as a group performance

Question 25

gurbani Kirtan

Answer 25

Sikh kirtan, “voice of the teacher” main form of music of the sikh faith.

Question 26

here krishna kirtan

Answer 26

hindu chanting kirtan

Question 27

Qawwali

Answer 27

Sufi style of singing, directed at the tomb of the sufi saint. chanting, chorus,

Question 28

Tampura

Answer 28

Drone string instrument used as background for both hindustani and karantak music

Question 29

Tabla

Answer 29

two drums of north indian music

Question 30

Sitar

Answer 30

plucked string instrument with long neck

Question 31

Sarod

Answer 31

plucked string lite, metallic sound

Question 32

harmonium

Answer 32

hand accordion used in many styles of music

Question 33

dholak

Answer 33

north indian 2 headed drum, used in many folk traditons

Question 34

mridrangam

Answer 34

south indian 2 headed drum

Question 35

pakhawaj

Answer 35

north indian 2 headed drum used in rhajastani music

Question 36

Manjira

Answer 36

symbol instrument used for bhajans or kirtans

Question 37

Sarangi

Answer 37

bowed instrument, used to be the accompaniment for vocal music before the harmonium

Question 38

theka

Answer 38

recurring underlying rythmic pattern for khyal music

Question 39

kaida

Answer 39

theme of tabla performance, kaida and vishakr is theme and varition

Question 40

peshkar

Answer 40

first part of a tabla solo, expandable compositon

Question 41

reka

Answer 41

fast strumming of tabla performance