India Final Exam Flashcards
Hinduism
Religious label for those who follow the Hinduism, based on the Vedas, puranas, etc.
Bhakti
Devotional practice in Hinduism, sensory saturation, flooded in divine love.
Vaishnavism
Aspect of Hinduism, based on the Puranas, Krishna is an avatar of vishnu
Avatar
Representation, incarnation of one of the dieties, Vishnu is an avatar of Krishna
Krishna
8th avatar of vishnu
Sufism
Susila, saint worship. master and disciple lineage, all somewhat descended to son of Muhammad, ali. Qawwali is major form of musical worship.
Sikhism
Nexus of Hinduism and Islam, drawn from shared poetry. Founded by Guru Nanak, who adapted poetry from different religions. God cant be seen, formless.
Pandit/Ustad
Translates to learned or doctor in hindu background, focus on classical art and textual or historical based, God the divine is center of historical text. Ustad is used for Muslims, but primarily a transman title rather than that of a scholar. Ustad - Craftmanship, Pandit - Musicianship
Guru
Teacher of shisha, master disciple relationship.
Devadasi
South Indian courtly dancer, often associated with sex work
Tawaif
North indian courtly dancer, also associated with sex work
caste
Social classification often centered around ones job, sometimes family lineages, but not always.
Ni’mat Kang Sadarang
Shift from dhrupad to khayal singing. Connected with Sufi shrines. Pioneered the style of Khyal that was popular around Delhi
Miyan Tensen
Monarch of Hindustani music, major musician in Akhbars court, attributed with the creation of many ragas
Tyagaraja
Major composer of carnatak music
Mirabai/Meera
Famous woman Poet-saint of North Indian tradition, devotional music to Krishna
Amir Khusrau
Poetry became the foundation of Qawwali. Musical forms based on Arabic poetry.
Guru Nanak
Founding guru of sikhism, Adpoted poetry from many different religions.
alap
a melody performed without rythmic accompaniment, made up of alap, jor, and jhala in the dhrupad style.
khyal
North Indian singing, Arabic for the imagination of fantasy. Poetry, sthayi and antara are sections of this.
murka
characteristic melody of a Bandish or gat that is returned to
kirti
carnatic partially through-composed song, made up of pallavi, anupallavi, and charnam
pallavi
the refrain of the kriti form.
bhajan/kirtan
hindu devotional song, kirtan is sometimes regarded as a group performance
gurbani Kirtan
Sikh kirtan, “voice of the teacher” main form of music of the sikh faith.
here krishna kirtan
hindu chanting kirtan
Qawwali
Sufi style of singing, directed at the tomb of the sufi saint. chanting, chorus,
Tampura
Drone string instrument used as background for both hindustani and karantak music
Tabla
two drums of north indian music
Sitar
plucked string instrument with long neck
Sarod
plucked string lite, metallic sound
harmonium
hand accordion used in many styles of music
dholak
north indian 2 headed drum, used in many folk traditons
mridrangam
south indian 2 headed drum
pakhawaj
north indian 2 headed drum used in rhajastani music
Manjira
symbol instrument used for bhajans or kirtans
Sarangi
bowed instrument, used to be the accompaniment for vocal music before the harmonium
theka
recurring underlying rythmic pattern for khyal music
kaida
theme of tabla performance, kaida and vishakr is theme and varition
peshkar
first part of a tabla solo, expandable compositon
reka
fast strumming of tabla performance
