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History - India > India 1914 > Flashcards

India 1914 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the viceroy the Secretary of State and the Council of India intended to ensure?

A

British control of the subcontinent.

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2
Q

Who appointed the viceroy and what did he represent?

A

He was appointed by Westminster and represented the British crown in India.

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3
Q

Where did the viceroy work and how large was his staff?

A

He works from Delhi with a staff of 700.

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4
Q

What was the Secretary of State responsible for and who did they answer to?

A

The Secretary of State for India was responsible for the development of government policy towards India and answerable to Parliament.

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5
Q

It was the Secretary of State guided by?

A

The Council of India.

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6
Q

Where was the Council of India based?

A

London

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7
Q

What did the Council of India consist of?

A

Consisted of 15 men, none of them Indian, but most of whom had some experience of living in working in India.

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8
Q

What did the Indian civil service ensure?

A

The Indian civil service insures that British laws, rules and regulations were implemented in India.

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9
Q

What was the structure of the Indian civil service?

A

It was hierarchal in structure, with power filtering down from the crown to the humblest local official.

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10
Q

What did you have to do to start a career in the Indian civil service?

A

They had to 1st pass a competitive examination and then spent time in India working with the district officer.

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11
Q

What was valued more in the Indian civil service and why?

A

Leadership and all-round intelligence were prized more than academic qualifications because members of the Indian civil service had to turn their hand to anything.

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12
Q

Why was it virtually impossible for Indians to enter the Indian civil service?

A

Because the route to acceptance involved exams in London and higher education at a British university.

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13
Q

What year did Indian civil service exam start being held in Delhi and Rangoon?

A

1919.

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14
Q

What percentage of the country did the Indian Princes rule and how many separate states was the split into?

A

The princes ruled about 35% of the country, consisting of 562 separate states.

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15
Q

Why did the rulers of these princely states not actually have complete authority?

A

Because each state was under the protection of Britain so in reality couldn’t instigate any action that run counter to the interest of the British Raj.

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16
Q

In the caste system what was certain substances such as human and animal waste and dead bodies classed to be And how did this affect those working with them?

A

They were class to be pollutants and so the closer Hindus came to them in their work the lower in the cast system came at occupation.

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17
Q

What had to happen in order to protect the purity of the Higher cast?

A

The castes had to be kept separate as possible and so there was strict rules about who could touch whom.

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18
Q

Who were at the bottom of the caste system?

A

The Untouchables.

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19
Q

Why was the cast system interdependent?

A

Because everyone needed the support of those in the Caste above and below them

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20
Q

What percent of the population were Muslim?

A

20%

21
Q

Where We are Muslims more likely to hold influential positions?

A

In the north they were more likely to hold influential positions and in the East and south Muslims were more likely to form the peasant class

22
Q

What are the Muslims what was the other two sizeable minority Religious groups?

A

Sikhs and Christians.

23
Q

Where did most sikhs live?

A

They lived mainly in the Punjab.

24
Q

Where did most of Christians live

A

In the far south of India

25
Q

Why was religion a powerful force in India?

A

Because the different groups and community struggled To adjust and retain their identities in the battle for independence

26
Q

India’s economic role was vital to Britain both as…

A

A provider of raw materials for British industry and as a market for Britain’s manufactured goods

27
Q

What Britain supply India with?

A

Cotton goods, iron m, steel and engineering products

28
Q

What did India provide Britain with?

A

Jute, raw cotton, rice, tea and wheat.

29
Q

When was the Suez Canal opened and why did it improve trade?

A

1869, and reduced travelling time and therefore travelling cost.

30
Q

In 1854 how much raw jute was imported from India and what did this increase to in 1900

A

£510,000 increased to £9,182,000

31
Q

In 1854 how much manufactures textiles were exported to India and what did this increase to in 1900

A

£7,191,000 increased to £40,729,000

32
Q

I’m 1879 what happened to import duties on Lancashire cotton and what did this allow?

A

All import duties were removed allowing it to flood the Indian market.

33
Q

How much of British overseas investment did India receive in the early years of 20th century?

A

1/10th

34
Q

When a British person worked in India and then retired back to Britain who payed for their pensions?

A

India

35
Q

What showed the separation of society between the English and the Indians?

A

Most British still though of Britain as home and imported all their furniture and goods

36
Q

Why did many Indians not speak out against the raj at the beginning of the century?

A

Because Many of them owed their lives to the raj.

37
Q

When was the first INC meeting and who attended?

A

1885, and mainly high caste hindus.

38
Q

Who dominates congress?

A

Hindus

39
Q

When did the INC meet?

A

Every year until WW1

40
Q

At this stage congress was… and not a…

A

Congress was discussion forum and not a political party.

41
Q

Why did Muslims create the Muslim league?

A

Because they never felt comfortable under the congress umbrella.

42
Q

When was the Muslim league formed and what was it

A

1906 and was a voice for the Muslim community.

43
Q

What were Muslims main political problem?

A

They were a minority in nearly every state.

44
Q

Why was being a minority a problem for Muslims once the talk began to become more of a democracy?

A

Because unless protected the Muslim minority would be out voted.

45
Q

What was the Indian councils act 1909 an outcome of?

A

A series of reforms agreed between John Morley and the viceroy Minto

46
Q

How many Indian representatives were to be elected due to the Indian councils act?

A

60

47
Q

Why were the provincial councils to be enlarged?

A

To create non-official majorities.

48
Q

Why were separate electorates provided for Hindus and Muslims?

A

To allow the minority Muslims to have a voice

History - India (3 decks)

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