Indestrial Revolution Flashcards
What do most historians think about the IR today
That it was a turning point in the history of the world, the changed the western world from a rural and Ahriman society to an urban and industrial society
What was Britain like before IR
- It was primarily a society built around agriculture
- Ppl lived in rural areas (small villages and towns)
- Open field system - 3 fields + common land
- limited agricultural innovation in land use
Cottage industry -
Where was Britain importing huge amounts of cotton from
American colonies
Where was most woven into cloth
In homes or small shops by hand, this was very time consuming and very labor - intensive
What was done under the “putting - out system”
Textiles were produced, in which merchant clothiers had their work done in the homes of artisans or farming families
Explain cloth making process
Slide 8 page 3
Dates…
- Industrial Revolution
- Slave trade
- slaves entering the British isles are freed
- Britain bans slave trade
- abolition of slavery act - French Revolution
- Mid 1700’s to Mid 1800’s
- 1400’s to 1800’s
- 1772
- 1807
- 1833 - 1789-1799
Why was Britain first to be industrialized
- Many natural resources available in Britain including large amounts of iron and coal
- Labour supply, a large population that was no longer working on farms and could work in cities
- Population explosion = more workers, also needing to provide for more people casing innovation
- Geographical advantages including a large river system for water power and many natural harbours for easy trade
- A strong stable government allowed a strong stable economy to develop which resulted in extra money to invest. British parliament had some freedom from the Monarch and it didn’t place to many restrictions on the economy and the country had little u rest or threat of political revolution
- Colonial market, expanding Atlantic trade, strong tariff free home market creates new demands for manufactured goods
- Colonial empire provided much needed raw materials and markets, British navy strongest in the world and dominates Ocean trade, safe transport of Goods as well as access to materials
- Spreads to continental Europe, United States of America, and Japan between 1850 and 1914
General causes of the industrial revolution
- agricultural innovations
- population increase
- growth of foreign trade
- inventions of new technologies
- new energy supplies
- improvements in transport
- Agricultural innovations-
What did Lord Townshend in England introduce
Crop rotation, so that land could now be used all year round, certain crops revitalized the soil
- crops rotated each year
- each crop returns the nutrients used the year before to the soil
What did jethro Tull invent
Seed drill and horse hoe
Robert Bakewell did what
Improved livestock breeding
What did then closure movement do
Had large land owners buying and then fencing public land
What two other things came about
Reaping machines and fertilizer
What does all of this do to the economy
Produces capital accumulation for investment but depresses workers wages as unemployment soars
before the enclosure movement
- common land was leased from wealthy landowner and not fenced in
- subsistence farming
- simple farming tool
-
after enclosure movement
- dramatic increases in agricultural production due to new inventions in farming
- landowners fenced off all their land, bigger and more efficient farms or brought right to common land
- produced surplus food to feed growing population
- no more common land
- small farms and farm laborers suffered
- many small farm owners and laborers became homeless
How did the small farms and laborers suffer
- had to pay for fencing
- had to have their own Oxen to work on farms
- could no longer graze on common land
- they had to sell their land instead
What did the farmers who became homeless do
Moved to cities to find work , ( industrialized cities had factories and mines)
- Population increase
Population in Europe in 1700 and 1800
1700 - 100 million
1800 - 190 million
- Growth of foreign trade
Supply and market sources through where and trade with
Through colonies In Africa , Americas
and trade with India and Asia
Availability of who with what
Investors with money to risk on ventures
- New technology
Name 5 new inventions that modernized textile manufacturing
1733- (John Kay) flying shuttle- used to weave cloth
1760- (James Hargreaves) spinning Jenny- allowed or multiple threads to be woven together (decreases the amount of work a spinster had to do to make yarn) it could spin up to 8 spools of yarn at once
1769- water frame - (Richmond Arkwright) used to water from fast flowing rivers to power spinning frame
1785- water loom (Edmund Cartwright) first machine that could weave cloth at increased output
1793- cotton gin (Eli Whitney) machine that separated cotton seeds from the cotton
What effect would these inventions have on the cottage cloth industry and how would it effect the people and their sources of income
General knowledge answer
What did these advancements result in
The movement of work from the home to the factory
- machines were to big for the houses
- ppl needed to run the mac he’s in factories, left home for work
- New energy supplies
4 things that happened ….
- things were water powered
- steam engine invented
- the huge ironworks would never have come into existence without the steam engine (the 3rd great trigger of the age)
- iron became a viable building commodity and was used in the steam engine
Steam engine invented when and by who
In 1769
James watt
