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Renal-Prostate > Indepent Study > Flashcards

Indepent Study Flashcards

1
Q 
tachycardia, hypotension, fever
•persistent bloody diarrhea
•crampy abdominal pain - LLQ
•abdominal distention/ tenderness- rebound tenderness
•weight loss – S/S = fluid deficit
•hyperactive Bowel sounds
A

Ulcerative colitis s/s

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2
Q 
CBC/ESR – (blood loss)
•electrolytes
•low K, Ca- cardiac
•WBC (infection)
•serum albumin
•stool (√ bacteria)
•CT

Contraindicated if risk of perforation ↑- friable mucosa
•colonoscopy /sigmoid
•Barium enema

A

Diagnostic for ulcerative colitis

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3
Q

Goal: to reduce inflammation, pain and cramping
•Azulfidine/Asacol
•steroids
•immunosuppressants - Imuran
•Biologic – Remicade (RA- approved for UC use )
•Abx- Flaygl, Cipro

A

Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis

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4
Q 
Pt usually fear diversions
•high protein/high caloric/bland/ ↓ residue diet
•no smoking
•foods to avoid
•alcohol
•fruit juice with pulp
•whole grains/bran/nuts
•fried/smoked/pickled/cured meats
•raw veggies/Milk/Cream and veg soups
•No cold food
•No spicy food
A

Patient education for ulcerative colitis

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5
Q
  • Intestinal
  • perforation
  • rectal bleeding
  • malignant neoplasms
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • Extraintestinal
  • kidney/gallstones
  • cardiac dysrhythmia related to electrolytes
  • Increased risk for arthritis (40 times)
  • conjunctivitis/skin lesions
A

Complications of ulcerative colitis

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6
Q

Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

involves entire mucosal wall any portion of GI Tract

A

Crohn’s disease

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7
Q
  • insidious onset/exacerbations and remission
  • non-bloody diarrhea
  • RLQ pain/tenderness unrelieved by defecation
  • episodes of abdominal pain after eating
  • pain episodes increase in
  • frequency, duration and severity
  • flatulence
  • oral ulcers
  • diarrhea after milk, fat, spices
A

History of Crohn’s disease

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8
Q 
abdominal pain in RLQ
•diarrhea -soft, semiliquid, no blood
•weight loss – anorexia- s/s fluid deficit, malnourished
•anemia
•weakness/fatigue
•perianal fistulas
•fever/leukocytosis

•Extraintestinal: arthritis, clubbing

A

Physical Assessment of Crohn’s disease

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9
Q 
•CBC - leukocytosis
•electrolytes-low K
•serum protein/albumin- ↓
•stool- steatorrhea
•Barium study*-UGI tract- string sign
•BaE*- cobblestone
•endoscopy/colonoscopy*
•sigmoidoscopy with biopsy
•CT Scan
    * not done in acute episode
A

Diagnostic for Crohn’s disease

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10
Q 
NPO- rest bowel, IV therapy, may require TPN
 •progress to bland → small frequent feedings (5)
•No fat
•No-residue
•No milk or milk products
•high calorie
 •Avoid
•cold foods as these increase intestinal motility
•smoking
•greasy, fried foods
•foods that aggravate
 •Weigh daily
 •Stress management imortant
A

Nursing. Interventions for Crohn’s disease

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11
Q
  • fistulas (1/3), abscess
  • intestinal obstruction
  • fluid and electrolyte imbalance
  • malnutrition
  • bowel cancer
  • cirrhosis, gallstones, kidney stones(oxalate)
  • pancreatitis
A

Complications of Crohn’s disease

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12
Q
  • Administer pain meds
  • Bedrest
  • Position patient in knee flexed position
  • Apply heat q 2 h
  • Encourage deep breathing and relaxation
A

Nursing intervention for Crohn’s disease

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13
Q

Straining at stool

A

Tenesmus

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14
Q

Acute increase in abdominal pain
Rigid abdomen
Vomiting
Hypotension

A

Perforation

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15
Q 
Abdominal distention 
Deceased or absent bowel sounds 
AMS
Fever 
Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Dehydration 
F/E imbalance
A

Toxic megacolon

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16
Q 
Surgical creation to the ileum or small intestine
Performed after a total colectomy 
Drainage of fecal matter 
Liquid to unformed stool 
Occurs at frequent intervals
A

Ileostomy

17
Q

Continent ileal reservoir
Diverting a portion of the distal ileum to the abdominal wall and creating a atoms
Eliminates the need for an external fecal collection

A

Continent ileostomy

Kock pouch

18
Q 
And intraluminal obstruction or a mural obstruction from pressure on the intestinal wall occurs examples include: 
Intususception 
Polyploid 
Tumors 
Neoplasm 
Stenosis 
Strictures
Adhesions 
Hernias 
Abscesses
A

Mechanical obstruction

19
Q

The intestinal musculature cannot propel the contents along the bowel example or Emma deuces muscular dystrophy endocrine disorders such as diabetes neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s the blockage also can be temporary and result in the manipulation of the bowel during surgery

A

Functional obstruction

20
Q

Saclike herniation of the bowel that extends through a defect in the middle layer
-may occur anywhere in the small intestine or colon
Most commonly in sigmoid colon

A

Diverticulum

21
Q

Exist when multiple diverticula are present w/o inflammation or symptoms

A

Diverticulosis

22
Q

Results when food and bacteria retained in a Diverticulum produce infection and inflammation that can impede drainage and lead to perforation or abscess formation

A

Diverticulitis

23
Q 
Abscess 
Fistula formation 
Obstruction 
Perforation 
Peritonitis 
Hemorrhage
A

Symptoms of diverticulitis

24
Q
  • LLQ-crampy/constant and radiates to the back
  • constipation alternating with diarrhea
  • abdominal distention
  • palpation: sausage-shaped mass LLQ
  • fever, leukocytosis, chills, N/V
A

Symptoms of diverticulosis

25
Q
  • X-ray – free air
  • Use CT Scan
  • No Barium Enema
  • No colonoscopy
A

Acute diverticulitis

26
Q
  • perforation
  • peritonitis
  • hemorrhage
A

monitor for complications of diverticulitis

27
Q 
Diffuse,constant abd pain
•rebound tenderness**
•decresed BP
•temp
•tachycardia
•increased WBC
A

Peritonitis

28
Q 
FIRM, rigid abdomen
•NO BS
•pain
•temp
•tachycardia
A

Perforation

29
Q
  • increase bulk forming laxatives
  • ↑ fluid intake
  • exercise
  • avoid enemas
  • avoid nuts, popcorn, celery
  • usually can Rx conservatively, if not → surgery
A

Patient education Diverticulum

30
Q
  • High fiber diet
  • Exercise
  • Drink 8 – 10 glasses
  • Avoid
  • Nuts
  • Seeds
  • Celery
  • Popcorn and more
A

Diverticulosis

31
Q 
Has rectal bleeding
•Often has no symptoms
•Has localized crampy pain LLQ
•Frequently develops peritonitis/ septicemia
N//V
Fever chills
A

Diverticulitis

32
Q

Peritonitis
Pelvic abscess
Subphrenic abscess
Paralytic ileus

A

Complications of appendectomy

Renal-Prostate (6 decks)

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