Independent Learning--Foot Flashcards
Explain the movements of plantar flexion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.
moving the foot downward
Toes are flexed
Innervated by tibial nerve (of posterior leg compartment— superficial and deep)
Explain movements of dorsiflexion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.
moving feet upward
toes are extended
part of anterior compartment
innervated by deep fibular nerve
Explain movements of dorsiflexion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.
medial side of the foot comes up
Innervation: Anterior (tibial nerve); Posterior (deep fibular nerve)
Explain the movements of eversion. Summarize the muscles responsible for these movements, their innervation.
lateral side of the foot comes up
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (fibularis longus, brevis) deep fibular nerve (fibularis tertius)
Lateral Compartment: Fibularis Longus (goes medial to the foot; helps pull the foot down) Fibularis Brevis (goes around the lateral side of the foot, helps with pulling the foot up)
The superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg attaches to what?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus attaches at the calcaneus (makes up the achilles/calcaneal tendon)
Plantaris can either join the achilles tendon or it can go directly to the Calcaneus.
The deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg attaches to what?
Deep wraps around the medial malleolus and insert on the underside of the foot
What is the function of the ankle joint?
dorsiflexion and plantarflex feet
What cartilages cover the articular surfaces of the ankle?
Articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage
What type of joint is the the ankle joint?
synovial joint/ hinge joint
What is the articulation site of the of the ankle joint?
between the talus of the foot and tibia (medial malleolus) and between the talus of the foot and the fibula (lateral malleolus)
When is the ankle joint more stable?
In dorsiflexion position
What ligaments stabilize the ankle?
Medial (deltoid ligament)
Lateral ligaments
Which ligament is large, strong and triangular shaped and above medial malleolus?
the deltoid ligament
What are the four parts of the deltoid ligament?
- Tibionavicular
- Tibiocalcaneal
- Posterior Tibiotalar Part
- Anterior Tibiotalar Part
What are the three parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle?
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament
- Posterior talofibular ligament
- Calcaneofibular ligament
What is the articulation of the subtalar joint?
Calcaneus and the talus
What is the function the the subtalar joint?
gliding and rotation, which are involved in inversion and eversion of the foot
What are the ligaments of the subtalar joints?
Lateral, medial, posterior and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments
Subtalar joints are stabilized by:
medial and lateral ligaments
Which ligament of the subtalar joint helps prevents inversion injuries/sprains?`
Calcaneofibular Ligament
What are sprains of the ankle?
Ligament stretched so much that it tears. This happens when you invert and dorsiflex the foot.
What ligaments are most likely to be torn during an inversion sprain?
The anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament
Lateral ligament is more likely to be damaged because:
Weaker than the medial Ligaments and resists Inversions
If someone foot has been ran over what what kind of fracture can occur?
Talus fracture or midfoot fracture
Which lateral ligament is most at risk for irreversible damage?
Anterior talofibular ligament
What are the functions of the arches of the foot?
Spread forces of the foot
What has the highest arch? medial or lateral?
medial
What are the ligaments of arches of the foot?
Calcaneonavicular (spring ligament)
Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar ligament) &
long plantar ligament
Which ligament maintains the longitudinal arches of the foot?
long and short ligaments
What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis (thickening of the deep fascia of the foot)?
supports the longitudinal arch of the foot
The posterior tibial artery continue on and splits at the sole of the foot as what arteries?
Lateral and medial plantar arteries
The anterior tibial artery becomes what artery?
Dorsalis pedis artery
