Incorrects Flashcards
Severe respiratory distress
Cyanosis after Premature birth
Imaging: Didfuse reticulogranular appearance, air bronchograms, low long vol
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Pharmacological agents causing idiosyncratic reactions in the liver
ISONIAZID
Chlorpromazine
Halothane
Anti-retrovirals
Panlobular mononuclear infiltration and hepatic cell necrosis = pathological state of?
Hepatitis
Use labs to differentiate causes
LFT’s for alcoholic
Viral titers for viral causes
Autoimmune is last resort Dx
Age <1 year
Respiratory and/or esophageal symptoms
BIPHASIC STRIDOR
IMPROVES WITH NECK EXTENSION
Vascular rings
As opposed to laryngomalacia
MCC of acute bacterial lymphadenitis in children
Violaceous color and sub acute time frame =
Staph aureus
Non tuberculous mycobacterium
Patient over 40 with DM type II
Tx?
Lifestyle mod + statin
ASCVD >7.5 high intensity statin
<7.5 moderate intensity statin
3 paraneoplastic syndromes affecting muscle and/or peripheral nerves
Myasthenia Gravis
Lambert-Eaton
Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
Severe side effect with anti-thyroid men’s PTU and methimazole?
First step?
Agranulocytosis
Stop med at first sign of fever
Type I RTA
Defect?
Urine pH
Serum K
Causes
Poor Hydrogen secretion
> 5.5
Low normal K
Genetic, medications, autoimmune
Type II RTA
Defect?
Urine pH
Serum K
Causes
Poor bicarbonate resorption
<5.5
Low normal K
Fanconi
Type IV RTA
Defect
Urine pH
Serum K
Causes
Aldosterone resistance
<5.5
High K
Obstructive uropathy, CAH
Lights Criteria- TRANSUDATE
Pleural protein: serum protein ratio
Lights criteria - EXUDATE
Pleural protein: serum protein ratio >.5
Pleural LDH: serum LDH >.6
Pleural LDH >2/3 upper limit of nml
Causes - infection, malignancy, PE
Mechanism of metabolic alkalosis in Conn Syndrome (hyperaldosterone)
Hypokalemia causes bicarbonate resorption
Combined with increased hydrogen secretion
= metabolic alkalosis
Patient with TB
Develops fatigue, weakness, hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities
D.X?
Chronic primary adrenal insufficiency
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tx algorithm
Methotrexate
MTX + Paralell (hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine)
Anti-TNF (infliximab, etanercept)
Severe complication of ulcerative colitis
Toxic megacolon
Diagnosis of CLL by?
Flow cytometry of peripheral cells
Trigeminal neuralgia tx
Carbamazepine
Nephrotic syndrome symptoms in patient with RA
Kidney biopsy findings?
Amyloid deposits
Congo red stain
Apple green birefringence
Two physical findings in fibromuscular dysplasia
Renal artery stenosis
Internal carotid artery stenosis - subauricular systolic bruit
Erythematous papules across back, neck, shoulders
On corticosteroids recently
Dx?
Drug induced acne
Two main imaging modalities for kidney stone
Non con spiral ft of abdomen and pelvis
Abdominal ultrasound
1st line treatment for alcohol abuse disorder (if not abstinent)
Medication once abstinence is obtained?
Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
HCO3- ?
Chloride?
Bicarbonate resorption by kidneys increases
Chloride decreases
= hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Dream enactment in the latter part of the night
Transient confusion but becomes fully alert
Dx
R.E.M. Sleep behavior disorder
Turner Syndrome at increased risk of?
Why?
Osteoporosis
Ovarian dysgenesis = decreased estrogen
Transient synovitis in children
Differentiate between?
Septic arthritis
If grossly stable and no evidence of severe infection - rest, ice, ibuprofen, f/u in 1 week
Reddish purple pedunculated lesions
Develop into friable lesions
Dx?
Bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella
Immunocompromised, usually HIV
Dermatological manifestations of chronic hep c infection
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Lichen planus
Positive pronator drift specific for?
Upper motor neurons - Pyramidal/corticospinal tract lesions
Secondary Raynauds
> 40, usually male
Asymmetric attacks
Work up?
ANA titers
Rheumatoid factor
ESR and complement titers
Aspirin overdose lab findings
pH =
PaCO2
HCO3-
Acid base status
Normal pH
Low paCO2
Low bicarb
Mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis
Arrhythmia most specific for Dig toxicity
Atrial tachycardia with AV block
Elderly Progressive LE edema Distended abdomen w/flank percussion Increased urine protein output Elevated EF Tired and SOB
Dx?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Amyloidosis
Fungal infection can cause disseminate disease in immunocompetent
Blastomyces dermatiditis
SKIN - heaped up verrucous or nodular lesions with violaceous hue
Positive NAAT for chlamydia
tx?
Single - AZITHROMYCIN only
Positive NAAT for gonorrhea
Tx?
Dual
Azithromycin + Ceftriaxone
Underlying cause of isolated systolic HTN
Rigidity of arterial walls
PCOS vs Cushings
Skin atrophy, muscle weakness, easy bruisability = CUSHINGS
Not pcos.
Precocious puberty symptoms
Normal testicular volume
Low LH baseline and no response to GNRH
Dx
Non-classic CAH
Secondary to 21 hydroxylase deficiency
One of he most common neurological complications in AIDS patients
Presents like B12 deficiency
Dx?
Vacuolar HIV myelopathy
