INCORRECT EXAMPREP Flashcards
What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus?
Stratified squamous non-keratinised
Which amino acid is important in the buffering action of proteins at physiological pH values?
Histidine
Which tissue forms the most superficial layer of the heart?
Visceral pericardium
How is it thought mitochondria originated within animal cells?
Absorption of a bacterial cell
What is the abdominal cavity lined by?
Peritoneum
What is the function of calcitonin?
Acts to DECREASE osteoclast activity and REDUCE bloods calcium levels
Synovial joints may undergo degenerative changes - what can this result in?
Arthritis
Increased blood flow causes which symptom in acute inflammation?
Heat
What has 9 peripheral triplets but no central microtubule doublet?
Basal bodies
What has a 9+2 microtubule arrangement and can be 50 microns long?
Flagella
What is the main function of NK cells?
To destroy virus infected cells
What response to damage would be associated with a labile cell system?
Renewal of intestinal epithelial cells
The stratified squamous keratinised epithelium of thick skin has 5 distinct layers. Which of these layers is held together by desmosomes and undergoes active protein synthesis to make cytokeratin?
Stratum spinosum
What type of connective tissue forms the papillary layer of the dermis?
Loose connective tissue
Reduced expression of this protein may aid tumour metastases?
Cadherin
What protein is found in tight junction?
occludin
What protein is found in gap junction?
connexin
What protein is involved in adhesion between epithelial cells?
cadherin
What cell is a granulocyte that can become a phagocyte in the GI lamina propria?
Basophil
What cell is a granulocyte that can become a phagocyte inside pulmonary alveoli?
neutrophil
What cells are circulating blood leukocytes that play important roles in the inflammatory response, are essential for the innate response to pathogens?
monocytes
Why is DNA synthesis continuous on the leading strand and discontinuous on the lagging strand?
As Dna polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of the dna chain
In comparing two types of cells from the same person, the variation in the proteins expressed by each cell type reflects:
The cell specific expression and repression of specific genes
What living organism does NOT have a DNA based genome?
Certain viruses
Into which vessel does the renal vein drain?
inferior VC
Where are eosinophils produced
lymph nodes
In which organelle does LDL dissociate from its endocytosed receptor?
endosome
What is the thoracic inlet bounded by?
manubrium
first thoracic vertebrae
first pair of costal cartilages
first pair of ribs
The tarsals are examples of which types of bones?
Short (cuboidal)
Which enzyme converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins?
Cyclooxygenase
What are the major extracellular anions?
Chloride ions
What change in a nerve cell is responsible for rapid depolarisation at the beginning of the action potential?
an increase in sodium permeability
What does Na+K+ ATPase generate inside the cell?
A negative electrical potential
When is the embryonic period of development complete?
8 weeks after fertilisation
What is the equilibrium potential?
The membrane potential that would be required to balance the concentration gradient for the ion
What type of channels are targeted by local anaesthetics?
voltage gated sodium channels
