INAG MIDTERM VOCAB Flashcards
communication
the process of creating meaning through symbolic interaction
symbols
used to represent things, processes, ideas, or events in ways that make communication possible
sender encodes
ideas and feelings into some sort of message and then conveys them to a receiver who decodes them
channel
the method by which a message is conveyed between people
mediated communication
trade messages through a medium such as a phone, computer, or tablet
noise
describes any force that interferes with effective communication
environment
which includes both the circumstances and physical location of a communication episode and the personal experiences and cultural backgrounds that each person brings to the encounter
transactional communication model
process by showing that people usually send and receive messages simultaneously
Feedback
a receiver’s perceivable response to a sender’s message
Intrapersonal communication
is communicating with oneself
dyadic communication
when two people interact
small group communication
every person can participate actively with the other members
Organizational communication
when they collectively work to achieve goals
public communication
when a group becomes too large for all members to contribute
mass communication
consists of messages that are transmitted to large, widespread audiences via electronic and print media such as websites, magazines, television, radio, and blogs.
social media
revolutionized this practice by allowing ordinary individuals to use communication technology to communication with networks of people via Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and similar platforms.
Web 2.0
refers to the capability of everyday people to not only consume mediated messages, but to personally create them.
Communication competence
involves achieving one’s goals in a manner that ideally, maintains or enhances the relationship in which it occurs
cognitive complexity
is the ability to understand issues from a variety of perspectives
self-monitoring
to describe the process of paying close attention to our own behavior and using these observations to shape the way we behave.
Communication requires complete understanding
Myth
Communication can solve all problems.
Myth
Communication is good
Myth
Meanings are in words.
myth
Communication is simple
Myth
More communication is always better
Myth
reflected appraisal
describes how individuals develop an image of themselves based on the way they think others view them
significant others
people whose opinions an individual especially values
self-fulfilling prophecy
occurs when a person’s expectation of an outcome and that person’s subsequent behavior make the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true
Attribution
the process of attaching meaning to behavior
serving bias
when you suffer a setback, you may find explanations outside yourself
halo effect
When someone impresses you favorably in some way, you are likely to assume they have other positive qualities as well
Sex and gender are the same
Myth
People are either male or female
myth
gender is continuum
Myth
androgynous
combining masculine and feminine traits
undifferentiated
neither masculine nor feminine
gender metric
genders as a multidimensional collection of qualities
empathy
is the ability to comprehend and share another person’s perspective
sympathy
feel compassion for another person’s predicament
Emotional intelligence
a person’s ability to understand and manage their own emotions and to deal effectively with the emotions of others
identity management
the communication strategies people use to influence how others view them
perceived self
is the person you believe yourself to be in the moments of honest self-examination
presenting self
the way you want to appear to others
face
to describe the presenting self
high self-monitors
pay close attention to their own behavior and to other’s reactions adjusting their communication to create the desired impression
low self-monitors
express what they are thinking and feeling without much attention to the impression their behavior creates
culture
is the language, values, beliefs, traditions, and customs people share and learn
Salience
to describe how much weight we attach to cultural characteristics in a particular situation
In-group
to describe people with whom we identify and are emotionally connected
out-group
to describe people we view as different and with whom we have no sense of affiliation
Coculture
to describe the perception of membership in a group that is part of an encompassing culture
intersectionality
theory describes the complex interplay of peoples multiple identities
race
a social construct originally created to explain biological differences among people whose ancestors originated in different regions of the world
ethnicity
refers to the degree to which a person identifies with a particular group usually on the basis of nationality, culture, religion, or some other unifying perspective
social media bots
short for robots, are automated systems that generate and distribute social media posts
social media trolls
individuals whose principal goal is to disrupt public discourse by posting false claims and prejudiced remarks usually behind a mask of anonymity
personal fable
the belief that they are different from everybody else
imaginary audience
a heightened self-consciousness that makes it seem as if people are always observing and judging them
individualistic cultures
tend to view their primary allegiance to themselves
collectivistic cultures
feel loyalties and obligations to an in-group such as one’s extended family, community, or the organization they work for
low-context cultures
use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible
high-context cultures
rely heavily on subtle often nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony
high-context cultures
rely heavily on subtle often nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony
uncertainty avoidance
used to reflect the degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations or how much they try to avoid them
power distance
refers to the gap between social groups with substantial power and resources and those with less
Ethnocentrism
an attitude that one’s own culture is superior to that of others
prejudice
an unfairly biased and intolerant attitude toward others who belong to an out-group
Stereotyping
exaggerated generalizations about a group
Unfair Discrimination
depriving people of opportunities or equal treatment based on prejudice, stereotypes, or irrelevant factors such as appearance, age, or race
culture shock or adjustment shock
you may feel disappointed in yourself for not adapting as easily as you expected
nonverbal communication
illustrations without words
Emblems
are deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have precise meanings known to members of a cultural group
truth bias
they assume people are telling the truth unless they have a compelling reason to suspect otherwise
deception bias
default assumption is that people (or at least some people) are likely to lie
Kinesic
nonverbal cues that result from the way people use their faces and bodies.
manipulators
involve manipulating or fiddling with things
affect blends
combinations of two or more simultaneous expressions that show different emotions
Paralanguage
describe nonverbal cues that are vocal
haptics
study of touch
Proxemics
the study of the use of space
chronemics
study of how people use and structure time
monochromic
emphasizing punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time
polychromic
flexible schedules in which people pursue multiple tasks at the same time
territory
involves the places and spaces you consider to be more or less your own
