In/vivo Replacements And Alternatives Flashcards
How are experiments regulated in the uk ?
- home office
- licenced premises
- in-house ethics committee
- project licence
- personal licence
What is a regulated procedure ?
- experiment or scientific procedure
- towards a protected animal
- to prevent distress, pain, suffering or lasting harm
What is a project licence ?
Procedure, for the justification of animal use
What is a personal licence ?
- competence in procedures
- responsible for animal welfare
- training courses
What is the cost benefit analysis ?
The potential benefit of the proposed research should outweigh the likely adverse effects on the protected animals
Why do animal experiments occur ?
Drug development
Cosmetic
Basic research
Surgery
Breeding
Toxicology/safety pharmacology
There are no legal requirements in the uk or eu to protect animal welfare (T/F)
False
UOW cannot carry out experiments of live vertebrates (T/F)
True
Personal licence requires a training course (T/F)
True
Project licence is given to everyone (T/F)
False
Octopus is a protected species (T/F)
True
Why use in vivo?
- study interaction of cells/tissues/organs
- effects of physiological responses and disease process
- long term effects of a drug or procedure
T/F
- in vivo does not allow us to study interactions between different tissues
- In vivo allows us to investigate long term effects of compound
- Mice are the most used species
- Over 30 million procedures were carried out in the UK last year
- In vivo experimentation is banned within the UK
- false
- true
- true
-false - false
What does in vivo assay mean?
Within the living
What are the issues with in vivo assays?
Slow
Large amounts of compound
Expensive
Ethical and moral problems
What do we use in vivo assays ?
To develop better drugs
Evaluate toxicity, dosage and efficacy in complex model
What is the purpose of disease models ?
To mimic human disease as closely as possible
What are the problems with disease models and in vivo assays ?
- have to extrapolate findings from animals to humans
- ignorance of basis of human disease
- have different PK and PD values between species
- ethics, security and cost
What is the purpose of initial toxicity evaluations?
- dose ranging study
- tested on rodents
- evaluates safety and long term use of compounds
- legal requirement
What are some alternatives to rodents
- microbial systems
-cell/tissue/organ culture - dead animals
-humans
What are the three R’s
Reduce, refine and replace
What is the long term aim of the three R’s
All necessary biomed research done without using animals
What is ‘reduction’ ?
-less animals used to obtain same information
- seek alternatives
- harmonisation of international guides
-better experimental design - better quality assurance of animals
What are in vitro assays useful ?
Small quantities of compound
Rapid
High throughput
