In vivo formation of drug 7 1

Question 1

What are some drugs that have in vivo formation

Answer 1

Aminorex, Cocaethylene, ethylphenidate

Question 2

Aminorex

Answer 2

Ability of horses to metabolize levamisole to aminorex was first reported in 2009
Human metabolism was reported in the following year
Drug seizure data indicated that in ~70% of US seizures and ~40% of EU seizures cocaine is adulterated with levamisole
Levamisole is a veterinary deworming agent
Amphetamine-like properties
Hallucinogenic component
Pulmonary hypertension risk

Question 3

Need to know!!!! what are some metabolites that can be created with coingestion with alcohol

Answer 3

Cocaethylene and ethylphenidate

Question 4

Cocaethylene

Answer 4

Unique cocaine metab.
Produced in presence of ethanol by the activity enzymes
Pharmacologically active last longer
Enhanced euphoria
Significant levels of cocaethylene measured in PM blood and brain samples
More potent than cocaine mediating lethality
Cocaine use prevalent among alcohol dependent individuals
Cocaethylene know to be formed
Impact of route of administration of cocaine
IV: 24% , PO:34% SMOKED: 18%

Question 5

Ethylphenidate

Answer 5

Detected in individuals who ingested methylphenidate [Ritalin] and EtOH
Overdoses
Therapeutic dosing
Concentration of ethylphenidate dependent more on methylphenidate concentration than ethanol concentration