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Suspension > In-Service suspension systems > Flashcards

In-Service suspension systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the secondary purpose of suspension?

A

To provide stability under all conditions e.g.

  • Acceleration
  • Braking
  • Cornering
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2
Q

What is the primary purpose of suspension?

A

To provide a flexible support for MSE whilst isolating imperfections in the road

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3
Q

What methods of reducing inner plate friction are there?

A
  • Synthetic rubber buttons
  • Inner leaf plates
  • Reduce the amount of leaves
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4
Q

If the amount of leaves are reduced, what happens to the remaining springs?

A

The remaining leaves have increased width

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5
Q

What are road springs used for?

A

To absorb bumps and shocks to prevent them from reaching the body of the equipment

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6
Q

What is sprung and unsprung weight?

A
  • Sprung: Anything supported by the spring

- Unsprung: Mass supported by the wheel up to the spring

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7
Q

Why are leaves graduated in length?

A

To give constant stress throughout spring

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8
Q

What are the two semi-elliptical methods of attachment?

A

Fixed shackle and swinging shackle

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9
Q

What is spring rate governed by?

A
  • Length of spring: Shorter spring = Higher rate
  • Width of leaf: Wider leaf = Higher rate
  • Thickness of leaf: Thicker spring = higher rate
  • Number of leaves: Greater number = Higher rate
  • Low spring rate: Spring deflects a lot = Softer ride
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10
Q

What does the equipment load determine on a semi elliptical leaf suspension system?

A
  • Number of springs
  • Length of springs
  • Thickness of springs
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11
Q

What cross sectional shape can torsion bars be?

A
  • Straight bar
  • Square
  • Circular
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12
Q

What are properties of helper leaf springs?

A
  • Fitted to some HGV’s
  • Overcome variations in laden and unladen rolling conditions
  • Shorter leaf spring, clamped directly above the main spring
  • No permanent contact with chassis
  • Acts with main spring to increase spring rate when under load
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13
Q

What maintenance do you do on a leaf spring?

A
  • Cracking of spring
  • Missing or broken rebound clips
  • Loose, cracked or corroded ‘U’ bolts
  • Security of mountings
  • Perished or worn bushes
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14
Q

What is spring rate?

A

The amount of deflection of the spring for a given load

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15
Q

What is a property of a semi elliptical one leaf spring and why?

A

Leaf is tapered (thicker in the middle)

To avoid overstressing the centre of the leaf

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16
Q

What are benefits of a low unsprung weight?

A
  • Suspension system works less to control the movement of unsprung weight
  • Body of equipment will shake less over road surfaces
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17
Q

What is the purpose of a progressive spring?

A

To accommodate unladen and laden weight

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18
Q

Why can spring deflection occur in a helical spring?

A
  • Road conditions
  • Off road terrain
  • Weight of driver and passengers
  • Cargo
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19
Q

What 3 designs of ends of a helical spring are there?

A
  • 2 flat tail
  • 1 flat tail and 1 tangent tail
  • 2 pigtail
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20
Q

What changes spring rate in a helical coil?

A
  • Length
  • Diameter
  • Number of active coils
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21
Q

What 3 types of torsion bar adjuster are there?

A
  • Internal jacking screw
  • Trunnion mounted jacking screw
  • Lockable eccentric cam
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22
Q

How does a torsion bar work?

A
  • Road wheel travels up
  • End of torsion bar travels up
  • Upwards travel induces a twist in the torsion bar
  • Twist is a result of the bar absorbing energy
23
Q

How is spring rate set by a torsion bar?

A
  • Length

- Diameter

24
Q

What 2 areas of the vehicle is a torsion bar connected to?

A

(Can be tapered)

  • Anchored at the body or chassis
  • Connected to suspension arm or lever
25
Q

What are the purposes and applications of rubber suspension?

A
  • Has a tendency to settle down in early phases of use
  • Common on heavy equipment and tandem axle bogies
  • Can store more energy for its size than any other type of suspension
  • Energy released is significantly less than what’s absorbed
  • Can be used as the main suspension spring
  • an be fitted in conjunction with metal springs to modify suspension characteristics
  • Can be used as a bump stop to stiffen springs at max defleciton
  • On MSE ‘indespension units’ are used
26
Q

How does rubber suspension operate?

A
  • Suspension arm pivots up or down on bolt
  • Causes arm to extend, expanding the rubber element
  • Rubber element then continues to expand and retract to absorb road shocks
27
Q

What are 3 designs of rubber bump stop?

A
  • Solid conical
  • Hollow conical
  • Hollow cylindrical
28
Q

What 3 designs of ends of a helical spring are there?

A
  • 2 flat tail
  • 1 flat tail and 1 tangent tail
  • 2 pigtail
29
Q

What is a disadvantage of coil over leaf suspension?

A
  • Requires additional suspension members
30
Q

What are advantages of coil suspension over leaf suspension?

A
  • No inter plate friction

- Superior energy storage

31
Q

What suspension is most commonly used on light vehicles?

A

Helical coil spring

32
Q

Why can spring deflection occur in a helical spring?

A
  • Road conditions
  • Off road terrain
  • Weight of driver and passenger
  • Cargo
33
Q

What changes spring rate in a helical coil?

A
  • Length
  • Diameter
  • Number of active coils
34
Q

What is the purpose of a progressive spring?

A

To accommodate laden and unladen weight

35
Q

What are the 3 rates of springs in a coil suspension system?

A
  • Linear rate
  • Variable rate
  • Dual rate
36
Q

Where a stiff spring is needed but there isn’t enough room, what can be done?

A

Place one spring inside the other

37
Q

What does coil bound mean?

A

Where a spring is fully compressed

38
Q

What does changing spring shape achieve and how?

A
  • More stability
  • Increases the length of travel

Achieves because the springs become telescopic

39
Q

Why are rubber isolators fit to coil springs?

A

To reduce noise

40
Q

What checks should be done on coil springs?

A
  • Cracking
  • Corrosion
  • Serviceability of rubber components
  • Check securely located
41
Q

Why do we use air suspension?

A
  • It’s free
  • Readily compressible
  • Ride comfort is affected little by load
  • Excellent for fitting to HGV’s
42
Q

What are advantages of air suspension?

A
  • Smoother ride
  • Fragile cargo is better predicted
  • Provides height control for easier trailer coupling
  • Allows constant height to be maintained
  • Allows for the provision of a lift axle
43
Q

What are the 4 main components of air suspension?

A
  • Compressor (reciprocating piston)
  • Receiver
  • Rubber air bellows
  • Levelling valves
44
Q

How does air suspension operate?

A
  • Ignition on
  • Compressor starts charging receiver and supplies bellows
  • ECU and electronics set the suspension height (driver can override)
  • Trailing arm sets the spring rate to ensure ride comfort regardless of conditions
45
Q

What is the purpose of the lost motion connection?

A

To provide a time delay and allows trailing arm to ignore normal ride motions

46
Q

What’s the purpose of lift axles?

A

To lift and retain a non driven axle

47
Q

What are advantages of lift axles?

A
  • Extends tyre life
  • Reduces fuel consumption
  • Temporarily transfers weight to driven axle improving traction
48
Q

What common checks do we do on air suspension?

A
  • Check for air leaks
  • Check for signs of perishing of air bellows
  • Check for any corrosion of pipes and correct routing of pipes
49
Q

What are the main differences between hydro-pneumatic suspension and spring suspension?

A
  • H-P is supported by a mass of gas
  • Mass of gas remains constant irrespective of load
  • Springs can be hydraulically connected together to improve vehicle stability
50
Q

What are the main components of a hydro-pneumatic suspension system?

A
  • Reservoir
  • Pump
  • Accumulator
  • Pressure regulator
  • Height corrector
  • Control rod
  • Rubber diaphragm
  • Piston suspension
  • Anti-roll bar
51
Q

What is hydro-pneumatic suspension also known as?

A

Fixed mass air springs

52
Q

What is the delay device in a hydro-pneumatic system also known as?

A

A dashpot

53
Q

What is the purpose of a dashpot, and where is it located?

A
  • To prevent rapid flow of oil past the slide valve when the vehicle goes over a bump or dip
  • Incorporated in the height corrector/levelling valve

Suspension (3 decks)

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