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Suspension > In Service Suspension Systems > Flashcards

In Service Suspension Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of suspension?

A

To provide a flexible support for mse whistle isolating the imperfections in the road

Secondarily to provide stability under all conditions- acceleration, braking, cornering

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2
Q

What are the purpose of road springs?

A

Absorb the bumps and shocks transmitted by the road surface to prevent them reaching the body

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3
Q

What is sprung weight?

A

Anything supported by the spring

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4
Q

What is unsprung weight?

A

Mass supported by the wheel up to the spring

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5
Q

What are the benefits of a low unsprung weight?

A

Suspension works less to control movement

Body will shake less when travelling over rough surfaces therefore improving ride

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6
Q

What are semi-elliptic leaf springs used on?

A

Solid beam axles

Used on light commercial vehicles and heavy trucks

MSE

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the rubber bushes in the eye?

A

Allow for movement and act as noice insulators

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8
Q

Why are the leaves varied in length?

A

Give constant stress throughout the spring

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9
Q

What does the centre bolt do?

A

Secured the leaves together and acts as a locating dowel

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10
Q

What do rebound clips do?

A

Transmit load to some of the lower leaves during the return motion and prevent splaying

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11
Q

What allows for alteration of spring length?

A

Swinging shackle

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12
Q

What does the rubber bush in the spring eye do?

A

Prevent transmission of shocks

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the u bolt?

A

Clamp spring to the axle

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14
Q

What are the methods of reducing inter plate friction?

A

Synthetic rubber buttons

Inner leaf plates

Reduce number of leaves

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15
Q

Why is the middle thicker on the semi elliptic one leaf spring?

A

To avoid overstressing the centre of the leaf

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16
Q

What is spring rate?

A

The amount of deflection of the spring for a given load

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17
Q

The load that the equipment is designed to carry determines?

A

Number of springs

Length of springs

Thickness of springs

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18
Q

What does a helper leaf spring do

A

Overcomes variations between unladen and laden running conditions

Acts in unison with the main spring to increase spring rate

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19
Q

What is the maintenance requirements of a leaf spring?

A

Cracking of the leaf spring

Missing or broken rebound clip

Loose, cracked or corroded u bolts

Security of mountings

Perished or worn bushes

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20
Q

What are the cross sectional areas of torsion bars?

A

Straight , round or square

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21
Q

How is the torsion bar anchored?

A

Anchored to the body or chassis at one end , other end connected to the suspension arm

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22
Q

What does large diameters at the ends of torsion bar reduce?

A

Stress concentrations

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23
Q

What does adjusting the torsion bar do?

A

Change ride or standing height

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24
Q

How is spring rate set by on torsion bar?

A

Length and diameter of bar

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25
How does a torsion bar work?
Wheel travels up, torsion bar also travels up and this upwards travel induces a twist , this is a result of the bar absorbing energy , then pushes it back down
26
What are the 3 main types of torsion bar adjuster?
Internal jacking screw Trunnion mounted jacking screw Lockable eccentric cam
27
What are the purposes of a torsion bar adjuster?
Used to set the ride height or standing height
28
What is the purpose of rubber suspension?
Can store more energy for its size than any spring material Energy released is less than what is absorbed Can stiffen suspension
29
What is fitted in conjunction with metal springs to modify suspension characteristics?
Rubber suspension
30
What is rubber suspension commonly used on?
Light vehicles, common on heavy equipment and tandem axle bogies
31
What is the operation of the rubber suspension?
The suspension arm pivots on the bolt This causes the arm to extend , expanding the rubber element Rubber element contracts , this absorbs road shocks
32
What are the 3 types of rubber bump stops?
Solid conical Hollow conical Hollow cylindrical
33
What do rubber bump stops do?
Stiffen suspension when they are at maximum deflection
34
What is the inderspension unit construction?
Square or round metal tube bolted to the chassis Has 4 rubber blocks which absorbs motion and shocks Square bar connected to arm from stub axle
35
What is a helical coil spring?
Torsion bar wound into a spring Used on light vehicles
36
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the coil spring?
No inner plate friction, superior energy storage Requires additional suspension members
37
What is the spring rate governed by?
Diameter and length of bar
38
Length of spring is governed by?
Diameter and active coils
39
What are the 3 types of helical coil?
Two flat tail One flat and one tangent tail Two pigtail
40
What does the two flat tail spring do?
Remains stationary relative to vehicle structure
41
What does the one flat one tangent tail do?
Tangent seats against abutment Prevents rotational creep
42
When are two pigtail ends used?
The ends of the spring are positively clamped to the stationary or moving abutments
43
What are the 4 reasons spring deflections occur?
Road conditions Off road terrain Weight of driver and passengers Cargo
44
What is coil bound?
When a heavy load is placed on a coil spring it could compress the spring the entire amount of available length
45
By changing the shape of the coil , what happens ?
Length of travel can be increased Sometimes called telescopic
46
What is an advantage of changing coil shape ?
More stable
47
What do coil spring rubber isolators do?
Incorporated in the coil spring mountings to reduce noise
48
What checks should be done when inspecting coil springs?
Check for cracking Check for signs of corrosion Check serviceability of any rubber components Check securely located
49
Why use air suspension?
Free Compressible Ride comfort is only affected a little Good for fitting to heavy goods vehicles
50
What are the advantages of air suspension?
Smoother ride Fragile cargo is protected Provides better height control Allows constant height to be maintained Allows provision for lift axle
51
What are the components of an air suspension?
Compressor- reciprocating , engine or motor driven Receiver- stores air Rubber air bellows- inflate and deflate to raise and lower Levelling valve- height control
52
What does the levelling valve do?
Control supply of air to bellows, raises vehicle to set height and maintains ride height Have predetermined time delay (lost motion connection)
53
What is the operation of the air suspension?
Driver turns ignition on Compressor starts charges receiver and supplies air via a solenoid ECU and electronics set suspension height or driver can override Trailing arm sets the spring rate to ensure ride comfort
54
What is the operation of the levelling valve when unladen?
Trailing arm down Check valve and inlet valve closed preventing air to bellows Air from bellows exhausted through stem to atmosphere
55
What is the operation of the levelling valve when laden?
Trailing arm in the up position Check valve and inlet valve open Air enters goes round valves and out to bellows
56
What is the purpose of the lost motion connection?
To provide time delay and allow trailing arm to ignore normal ride motions
57
What is the lost motion connection operation?
Trailing arm moves up and down in hollow block due to normal conditions Not a constant force so it cannot overcome spring pressure Trailing arm senses increase in load moves up, ball actuator overcomes spring and air can now flow
58
What is the purpose of lift axles?
Used to lift and retain a non driven axle
59
What are the advantages of lift axles?
Extends tyre life Reduces fuel consumption Temporarily transfers weight to driven axle improving traction
60
How is the axle retracted on a lift axle?
Bell crank motion when bellows are pressurised
61
What is the operation of the lift axle?
Air spring is sandwiched between chassis frame and leaf spring If air spring is charged with air the axle comes down Exhausting air enables the axle to come up
62
What are the common checks on air suspension?
Check for air leaks Check for signs or perishing air bellows Check for any corrosion of pipes and correct routing
63
What are the differences of a hydro-pneumatic suspension?
Supported by mass of gas The mass of gas is constant in respect of load Pressure increased as volume is smaller Springs can be hydraulically connected to improve stability
64
What is the operation of the hydro-pneumatic suspension?
Pump starts draw fluid from reservoir and feeds accumulator Accumulator feeds height corrector/levelling valve Height corrector in central position supply port closed As it is loaded , the downward movement causes rotation of bar Control rod then moves slide valve to uncover supply port Oil forces diaphragm up and stiffens suspension
65
What is the delay valve also known as?
Dash pot

Suspension (5 decks)

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