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Parties and Interest Groups > In class study > Flashcards

In class study Flashcards

1
Q

A group organized to nominate candidates, to win power through elections, and to promote public policies

A

party

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2
Q

identify the three part of political parties

A

party organization, party in the electorate, party in government

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3
Q

Identify the first political groupings

A

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans/Anti-federalists

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4
Q

Who became president as a result of the 1824 election?

A

John Quincy Adams

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5
Q

This type of organization helped supports with basic needs in exchange for votes

A

party machine

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6
Q

The progressive movement pushed for these reforms

A

Australian ballot, primary elections, presidential primaries, registration, civil service reform

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7
Q

Duverger argued that a _________ system produces a two-party system whereas a _________ system produces a multi-party system

A

Majoritarian/SMDP; PR

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8
Q

Duverger’s law is based on what two components

A

mechanical and psychological

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9
Q

Exceptions to two-party rule in the US

A

one-party monopoly, non-partisan elections, independent candidates, third-party candidates

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10
Q

Advantages of a two-party system/disadvantages of multi-party system

A

Extremists remain non-influential
moderate policies
less fragmentation
legitimacy
electoral accountability
effective governance
eases burden on voters

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11
Q

Disadvantage of a two party system/advantage of a multi-party system

A

natural
diversity of ideas
role for underrepresented groups
increases turnout
better represents parties
governing majority
ensures government actually represents the public

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12
Q

Reasons why a strong party organization is important

A

long-term electoral success, voter signaling, clarifies voter decision making

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13
Q

A party is called __________ when it is heavily regulated by the government

A

legal

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14
Q

A party is called ________ when it exists as a concrete object to the public separate from its momentary leaders

A

institutionalized

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15
Q

A party is called __________ when it is independent from nonparty organizations (in terms of membership, leadership, and funding)

A

autonomous

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16
Q

Tangible rewards for activity (money, jobs, stepping stone to office, etc.)

A

material

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17
Q

Intangible rewards gained from promoting an issue or principle of importance to the individual

A

purposive

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18
Q

Concerns regarding purists

A

Care little about electability as they are ideologues
Are not representative of party identifiers
Resist socialization into party norms
Willing to join candidate-centers campaigns to the detriment of the party organization

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19
Q

The nature of American politics has led the parties to move at different rates? What is this called

A

Asymmetric polarization (Collitt and Highton)

20
Q

Is there evidence to support asymmetric polarization from Collitt and Highton?

A

There is evidence that supports that republicans are moving farther to the right on certain issue positions such as abortion than democrats are moving to the left. On the death penalty republicans are moving in extremes to the right and away from public opinion

21
Q

The allocation of House seats to the states after each census to reflect population shifts

A

reapportionment

22
Q

States draw new boundaries of congressional districts, usually after the census

A

redistricting

23
Q

Drawing district boundaries (usually in bizarre shapes) to make it easier for candidates of the party in power to win

A

gerrymandering

24
Q

Partisans vote in their party’s primary

A

closed primary

25
Q

Voters participate in the others party’s primary to weaken the other party

A

raiding

26
Q

Independent choose a party’s primary; partisan vote in there party’s primary

A

Semi-closed/semi-open

27
Q

In the pre-reform period, who controlled the nomination of presidential candidates?

A

party elites

28
Q

in the post-reform period, who controls the nomination of presidential candidates?

A

voters or delegates

29
Q

Supporters of the party’s candidates meet in small meetings to choose delegates

A

caucus

30
Q

Provisions of FECA

A

disclosure, limits, and establish FEC

31
Q

Types of party spending during elections

A

direct contribution to candidates, coordinated spending, independent spending, issue advocacy, and hybrid spending

32
Q

Reforms offered in the Vandewalker and Weiner reading for reformiing campaign financing

A

public financing for parties
raising or eliminating coordinated spending limits
lessening federal regulation of state and local parties
relaxing disclosure limits
relaxing contribution limits to parties

33
Q

A long-term psychological identification with a political party

A

partisanship

34
Q

The social groups that support a given party

A

party coalition

35
Q

Demographic characteristics that distinguish the parties

A

age, race, education , gender, income, religious attendance, location

36
Q

The movement of the Democratic and Republican parties away from the center and towards the extremes on an issue dimmension

A

polarization

37
Q

Positive feelings towards one’s in-group and negative feelings about the out-group

A

affective polarization study done by Iyengar and Westwood (experiments about response time and scholarship selection)

38
Q

Voters identifying with parties that share their preferences

A

partisan sorting

39
Q

Studies done by Iyengar and Westwood to examine affective polarization

A

IAT, scholarship study, dictator games, trust game

40
Q

causes of party collations and demographics distinguishing parties

A

ideology, group attitudes, values, media, and campaigns

41
Q

A successful presidential candidate can ‘pull’ co-partisans into office

A

presidential coattails

42
Q

A president’s party typically does __________ during the midterm elections

A

worse

43
Q

These administrators can be held responsible for implementing a party program

A

political appointees/cabinet

44
Q

These administrators cannot be held responsible for implementing a party program

A

career executive/bureaucracy/employees of federal departments

45
Q

A party that presents a clear platform and works to implement their platform if they win

A

responsible party

46
Q

An institution that makes a responsible party difficult in the US

A

separation of powers, federalism, and primary elections

47
Q

Evidence that American parties are responsible despite separation of powers and barriers

A

parties organize all legislatures save Nebraska
polarization
homogeneity within parties
increased party warfare

Parties and Interest Groups (3 decks)

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