In class study Flashcards
A group organized to nominate candidates, to win power through elections, and to promote public policies
party
identify the three part of political parties
party organization, party in the electorate, party in government
Identify the first political groupings
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans/Anti-federalists
Who became president as a result of the 1824 election?
John Quincy Adams
This type of organization helped supports with basic needs in exchange for votes
party machine
The progressive movement pushed for these reforms
Australian ballot, primary elections, presidential primaries, registration, civil service reform
Duverger argued that a _________ system produces a two-party system whereas a _________ system produces a multi-party system
Majoritarian/SMDP; PR
Duverger’s law is based on what two components
mechanical and psychological
Exceptions to two-party rule in the US
one-party monopoly, non-partisan elections, independent candidates, third-party candidates
Advantages of a two-party system/disadvantages of multi-party system
Extremists remain non-influential
moderate policies
less fragmentation
legitimacy
electoral accountability
effective governance
eases burden on voters
Disadvantage of a two party system/advantage of a multi-party system
natural
diversity of ideas
role for underrepresented groups
increases turnout
better represents parties
governing majority
ensures government actually represents the public
Reasons why a strong party organization is important
long-term electoral success, voter signaling, clarifies voter decision making
A party is called __________ when it is heavily regulated by the government
legal
A party is called ________ when it exists as a concrete object to the public separate from its momentary leaders
institutionalized
A party is called __________ when it is independent from nonparty organizations (in terms of membership, leadership, and funding)
autonomous
Tangible rewards for activity (money, jobs, stepping stone to office, etc.)
material
Intangible rewards gained from promoting an issue or principle of importance to the individual
purposive
Concerns regarding purists
Care little about electability as they are ideologues
Are not representative of party identifiers
Resist socialization into party norms
Willing to join candidate-centers campaigns to the detriment of the party organization
The nature of American politics has led the parties to move at different rates? What is this called
Asymmetric polarization (Collitt and Highton)
Is there evidence to support asymmetric polarization from Collitt and Highton?
There is evidence that supports that republicans are moving farther to the right on certain issue positions such as abortion than democrats are moving to the left. On the death penalty republicans are moving in extremes to the right and away from public opinion
The allocation of House seats to the states after each census to reflect population shifts
reapportionment
States draw new boundaries of congressional districts, usually after the census
redistricting
Drawing district boundaries (usually in bizarre shapes) to make it easier for candidates of the party in power to win
gerrymandering
Partisans vote in their party’s primary
closed primary
Voters participate in the others party’s primary to weaken the other party
raiding
Independent choose a party’s primary; partisan vote in there party’s primary
Semi-closed/semi-open
In the pre-reform period, who controlled the nomination of presidential candidates?
party elites
in the post-reform period, who controls the nomination of presidential candidates?
voters or delegates
Supporters of the party’s candidates meet in small meetings to choose delegates
caucus
Provisions of FECA
disclosure, limits, and establish FEC
Types of party spending during elections
direct contribution to candidates, coordinated spending, independent spending, issue advocacy, and hybrid spending
Reforms offered in the Vandewalker and Weiner reading for reformiing campaign financing
public financing for parties
raising or eliminating coordinated spending limits
lessening federal regulation of state and local parties
relaxing disclosure limits
relaxing contribution limits to parties
A long-term psychological identification with a political party
partisanship
The social groups that support a given party
party coalition
Demographic characteristics that distinguish the parties
age, race, education , gender, income, religious attendance, location
The movement of the Democratic and Republican parties away from the center and towards the extremes on an issue dimmension
polarization
Positive feelings towards one’s in-group and negative feelings about the out-group
affective polarization study done by Iyengar and Westwood (experiments about response time and scholarship selection)
Voters identifying with parties that share their preferences
partisan sorting
Studies done by Iyengar and Westwood to examine affective polarization
IAT, scholarship study, dictator games, trust game
causes of party collations and demographics distinguishing parties
ideology, group attitudes, values, media, and campaigns
A successful presidential candidate can ‘pull’ co-partisans into office
presidential coattails
A president’s party typically does __________ during the midterm elections
worse
These administrators can be held responsible for implementing a party program
political appointees/cabinet
These administrators cannot be held responsible for implementing a party program
career executive/bureaucracy/employees of federal departments
A party that presents a clear platform and works to implement their platform if they win
responsible party
An institution that makes a responsible party difficult in the US
separation of powers, federalism, and primary elections
Evidence that American parties are responsible despite separation of powers and barriers
parties organize all legislatures save Nebraska
polarization
homogeneity within parties
increased party warfare
