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Parties and Interest Groups > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is a number of citizens united and activated by a common interest opposed to the rights of others or the public good?

A

Faction

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2
Q

Madison suggested a few ways that government could control the effects of faction, what were they?

A

Remove the causes: get rid of liberty or impose common interests & control the effects: republic, public-interested leaders, federal system, large number of leaders

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3
Q

What is an association of individuals or organization that attempts to influence public policy to benefit themselves or their cause?

A

interest group

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4
Q

Interest groups maintain this form of representation when they contract out lobbying services to other firms

A

surrogate

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5
Q

To maintain direct representation, interest group need either _________ or _______

A

money (resources); members

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6
Q

What are the political and societal changes that have influences the balance of power in the interest group system?

A

Expansion of government
Supreme Court action
Shifts in party power

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7
Q

Evidence indicates the _______ network exerts considerable influence on the Republican Party and its economic policies

A

Koch

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8
Q

This theory of group political emphasizes the importance of groups in politics and views groups as critical to providing the public with representation

A

pluralism

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9
Q

One objection to pluralism is that this type of group dominates the interest group system

A

business interests

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10
Q

Proponents of pluralism argue that group conflict with produce beneficial policies, but group conflict tends to…

A

Fail to solve problems and group interest nor the public interest are supported

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11
Q

Olson argued that most adversely affected individuals do not form groups because of this…

A

collective action dilemma

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12
Q

One component of the collective action dilemma is the temptation individuals have to _________ or forgo contribution

A

free ride

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13
Q

Group efforts are most likely for this type of group

A

privileged

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14
Q

Large groups can overcome the collective action dilemma is they provide _________ incentives

A

selective

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15
Q

__________ incentives are rewards that derive from the act of particiaption itself

A

purposive

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16
Q

Beyond money, identify three distinct ways groups can play a role in elections

A

recruiting, endorsements, voter mobilization, communication with members, advertising

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17
Q

Hartney examined the effect of endorsements by __________ on local school board elections

A

teacher’s unions

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18
Q

Hartney conducted his research in two states: __________ and ___________

A

California and Florida

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19
Q

Endorsements by teacher’s unions increased the likelihood that candidates won elections even in __________ states

A

Republicans, anti-union, or pro-charter states

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20
Q

Identify types of voter mobilization efforts

A

voter registration drives, door-to-door canvassing, phone banks, direct mail, commercial advertising, voter guides, and Election Day support like transportation

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21
Q

Groups are the second most important source of campaign funds. Who is the first?

A

Individuals

22
Q

These two acts regulate contributions to candidates, parties, and groups

A

FECA and BCRA

23
Q

What were the two main actions of FECA?

A

Disclosure and limits

24
Q

Organizations can be motivated to contribute to candidates for two reasons. What are they?

A

Access and ideology
Policy

25
Q

This type of advertisement expressly calls for the election or defeat of a candidate for federal office

A

Independent

26
Q

In this court case, the Supreme Court overturned the ban on corporations and unions from using corporate and union funds to pay for campaign messages that expressly support or oppose federal candidates

A

Citizens United v. FEC

27
Q

This type of organization is formed for non-political purposes and does not disclose to the FEC, by can sponsor advertisements

A

501c

27
Q

This court case essentially created SuperPACs by overturning the contribution limits for groups that engage in only independent spending

A

Speechnow.org v. FEC

28
Q

Groups use their members or the public to pressure Congress to support the group’s agenda

A

grassroots lobbying or outside strategy

29
Q

Groups consult with legislators and their staff to persuade them to take (or not take) action

A

inside strategy or lobbying

30
Q

State legislators across multiple states introduce legislation drafted by interest groups. What is this type of legislation called?

A

Model Legislation

31
Q

Ways in which lobbyists gain access to members of Congress

A

Contributions
Constituency concentration
technical information
coalitions

32
Q

Types of legislators that are targeted by interest groups

A

committee members
party leadership
appropriations and rules committees

33
Q

Groups persuaded members of Congress by providing

A

technical or political information

34
Q

Identify reasons why researchers find a weak link between campaign contributions and legislative voting

A
  • contributions buy access or affect wording and activity
  • contributions are often non-cash forms of support (issue ads, volunteers, etc.)
  • most legislators are not persuadable, but those that are may affect the outcome
  • successful lobbying involves preventing a roll call vote
35
Q

Requires lobbyists to disclose lobbying activities and expenditures biannually

A

Lobbying Disclosure Act

36
Q

During presidential appointments, these types of groups expect to be consulted

A

Groups in the President’s electoral coalition and important groups in a given policy area

37
Q

Implements laws passed by Congress through adminstrative rule making

A

bureaucracy

38
Q

Within this type of rule making, drafts of regulations are published in the Federal Register and the public (including groups) can write comments about the proposals

A

notice-and-comment or informal

39
Q

Within this type of rule making, hearings are mandatory and the rules must be justified on the basis of the comments/hearings

A

formal or rule making on the record

40
Q

Rule making advantages groups (trade associations, unions & corporations) with ___________ & ____________

A

resources and motivation

41
Q

After rules have been implemented, groups can…

A

judicial review, congressional review, presidential review

42
Q

Some observers have argued that agencies surrender to those they are responsible for regulating. Identify the reasons thy this might happen.

A

Budget constraints
work overload
time delays
conflicts of interest
lack of political support for the agency

43
Q

In the context of judicial appointments, there is very little group can do to affect the nomination itself. Name the two groups that have been involved in recent appointments.

A

ABA and Federalist Society

44
Q

Groups sponsor direct litigation or ________ _______ to obtain court rulings favorable to the groups’s polticial objectives

A

test cases

45
Q

For a group to get a case heard before the courts, they must be an appropriate party to it. This is called….

A

standing

46
Q

Originally used to inform judges of precedent, but now are viewed as friends of the parties to the case

A

amicus briefs

47
Q

Why do interested choose to influence the Court by submitting amicus briefs

A

less cost
lower risk
immediate effect
visibility

48
Q

Name the groups that top the list on amicus brief filings

A

US Government
CATO Institute
ACLU
National Association of Criminal Defense
Chamber of Commerce
Americans for prosperity

49
Q

Do appellants have greater success with friendly amicus curie breifs

A

Yes

Parties and Interest Groups (3 decks)

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