In class quiz 1 Flashcards
scientific method, designing experiments, controls, life forms, atoms
What are the components of the scientific method?
Observations, Questions, Hypothesis, Predictions, Tests/experiments, conclusion (Our Queen Hates People That/eagerly Cuss)
Observations
Observations can be seen in nature. We can also make observations from scientific readings, like journal articles, abstracts, meetings, ect. From these observations, we develop questions.
Questions
We form questions to help explain our observations
Hypothesis
Using the questions, we use a hypothesis to generate them. A hypothesis is a tentative answer to the questions we’ve generated. The hypothesis statements should be made through the use of inductive reasoning which is where we take specific observations or questions to make generalized statements.
Prediction
Using the hypothesis, we predict the outcome of experiments which will test the hypothesis. We derive predictions through the use of deductive reasoning which is the opposite of induction. Deduction is where we take general statements of the hypothesis and predict specific results.
Experiments or testing the hypothesis
Now we design experiments or make observations which will support or disprove the hypothesis. There is no proof in research, only indications. [ to prove smoking causes cancer, we would have to prove that every smoker has cancer.]
Variables
factors which effect the outcome of the experiment
Which variable is tested in an experiment?
The independent variable [we only test one variable at a time]
Dependent Variable
The variable that may change due to the independent variable
What is interchangeable in an experiment?
Variables are the only thing interchangeable and you can only change one at a time.
fun fact!!! What do people of the asian descent have the americans dont?
Alcohol dehydrogenase in which they can be drunk after half a beer due to making a small amount of this enzyme.
How many controls will be in each experiment?
There will only be one positive and one negative control per experiment.
dependent variable you are testing for
positive control
the negative control will never be the variable you are testing for
true
what is always a negative control because it is pure?
water
The positive control is what you are testing for ex: what solution would you see if starch was present in a solution
answer: starch
experimental group
The independent variable is changed
the control group
the independent variable remains the same
Bias
Pre-determined notion about how the experiment can go
Can Bias change the results of the experiment?
Yes, it may change the results because scientists may purposefully or inadvertently influence the results to fit the hypothesis. Bias can cause the results to be skewed.
Placebo
sugar pill instead of your drug
you can get false results due to the placebo because those who dont know what medication that are taking will react as if they have had a drug that they didnt due to the placebo effect, causing false results.
true
double-blind experiment
neither the scientists nor the participants are aware or reject the hypothesis. If we reject the hypothesis, we must come up with a new hypothesis.
conclusions pt 2
based on the results, we accept or reject the hypothesis, if we reject the hypothesis, we must come up with a new one.
We never state that the IV causes the DV, only that there is correlation or a relationship
true
Theory
hypothesis that has been consistently supported by observations or experiments.
Law
When a theory has been supported over many years with many scientists doing multiple experiments that all support the hypothesis.
What has everything they need to be self sufficient?
Single-celled organisms
specialization increases until some cells do only certain things
Multi-cellular organisms
Tissue
A group of cells that perform a common function
Organ
A group of tissues that perform a common function
Organ system
A group of organs that perform a common function
Organism
any completely living thing
homeostasis
the steady state of the organism: normal conditions
When the body leaves homeostasis it enters infection
true
Living things take in energy and use it for maintenance and growth, must be able to carry out metabolism- the process of chemical reactions necessary to live. Metabolic activities are kept in balance to maintain homeostasis
true
makes changes in response to a stimulus in their environment
living things
a complex set of responses
a behavior
an increase in size of the cells or an increase in the number of the ells
growth
changes that occur to the organism during its life
development
Reproduction is not essential for the survival of independent organisms but must occur for a species to survive
true
asexual reproduction
producing offspring without the use of gametes
sexual reproduction
producing offspring by the joining of sex cells
traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain environment
adaptations
variations of individuals is important for a healthy species
true
3 parts of an atom (atom structure)
proton, neutron, electron
proton
positive
neutron
neutral
electron
negative
the characteristic for organic compounds
Organic compounds must contain carbon and must contain a living cell
cancer cells have more than just two centrioles
true
atoms->element->compound->cells->organism
know!
hydrophilic
attracted to water
hydrophobic
isnt attracted to water
Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom and electrons orbit the nucleus
true
normally an atom has no charge because the number of protons equals the number of electrons
true
you cannot change the number of protons in an atom or the atom will become a different element
for example - carbon has 6 protons but if it loses one it would become Boron
what has two or more elements
a compound
Atomic number
tells us the number of protons in an atom
atomic weight/mass
weighted average of the number of protons and neutrons. Electrons are not included in the atomic weight because the are so lightweight.
