In-Class Questions! - Exam 1

Question 1

Tumors can develop only in …

Answer 1

all animals

Question 2

Basic research with organisms such as __________ provides valuable information to better understand cancer development in humans.

fruit flies
yeast
mice
all of the above

Answer 2

all of he above

Question 3

True or False: Due to evolutionary conservation many proteins with similar structure and activity can be found across species including humans.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Protein kinases enzymes that can_______ to/from a substrate________.

Answer 4

add a phosphate group; protein

Question 5

Invasions and metastasis are responsible for about ________ of cancer-associated mortality, and the majority of cancer cells at the time of death may often be found in metastases rather than the primary tumor.

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

The process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) involves ___(1)____ of an epithelial cell gene expression program and ____(2)____ of mesenchymal gene expression.

Answer 6

loss; gain

Question 7

Clinical, genetic, and molecular studies of human colon tumors have provided strong evidence to support a model of multi-step process of tumor development based on some key observations: ___________.

Answer 7

disruptions of at least four signaling pathways that include beta-Catenin, Ras, TGF-beta, and p53 pathways are often observed in colon carcinomas

Question 8

For tumor development in both human colon and mouse skin, two cancer genes, Ras and p53, are known to play critical roles in a way that __________

The p53 gene is usually mutated at early stage to initiate tumor formation

The Ras gene is usually mutated at late stage to promote malignant tumor formation

Mutation in only one of them, Ras or p53, is enough to drive the formation of a malignant tumor

None of the above

Answer 8

None of the above

Question 9

Which gene in the RSV genome is responsible for causing cell transformation (a normal cell becoming a tumor cell)?

Answer 9

src

Question 10

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) has two copies of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome enclosed in its viral particle. Upon infection to a host cell, the RSV genome is released and eventually integrated into host’s chromosome/genome in a form of _____________.

Answer 10

double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)

Question 11

Malignant tumors,

Answer 11

develop from benign tumors

Question 12

About mutagens, they are agents capable of directly altering the structure of ___________.

Answer 12

double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)

Question 13

For a typical eukaryotic gene (e.g., gene from eukaryotes such as human), the transcriptional start site is determined by its ___________.

Answer 13

Promoter

Question 14

The template on which ribosomes assemble the amino acids to make proteins is known as _________.

Answer 14

messenger RNA (mRNA)