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In-class practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

Define stunting

A

low height for age

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2
Q

Define wasting

A

low weight for age

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3
Q

What is BMI >40

A

Obese III

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4
Q

What is BMI 25-29.99

A

overweight or grade 1

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5
Q

What is the condition of low hemoglobin?

A

anemia

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6
Q

What is caused by low iodine?

A

goiter, hypothyroidism, impaired mental function, stillbirth, abortion, and congenital abnormalities

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7
Q

What is caused by low vitamin A?

A

may develop night blindness, have poor growth and poor reproductive health

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8
Q

How many extra calories should a pregnant women be consuming?

A

300 extra calories

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9
Q

What is caused by low zinc?

A

skin disorders, hypogonadism, and cognitive dysfunction

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10
Q

What nutrient is added to table salt?

A

iodine

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11
Q

Being deficient in which nutrient causes anemia?

A

iron

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12
Q

Which country has the highest rate of overweight and obesity?

A

U.S.

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13
Q

What is the term for various forms of poor nutrition?

A

malnutrition

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14
Q

Define morbidity

A

sickness or any departure, subjective or objective, from psychological or physiological state of well-being

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15
Q

What is the other word for mortality?

A

death

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16
Q

What is mortality rate?

A

the number of deaths per 1000 population in a given year

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17
Q

Define disability

A

conditions that cause people to get sick or die and may also cause suffering and “temporary or long-term reduction in a person’s capacity to function”

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18
Q

Define prevalence

A

the number of people suffering from a certain condition over a specific time period– it measures the change of having a disease

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19
Q

Define point prevalence

A

the proportion of the population that has a specific disease at a single point in time
ex. the percentage of adults with HIV in South Africa is 18% today

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20
Q

Define incidence

A

refers to the rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population– it measures the chances of getting a disease

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21
Q

Define global burden of illness

A

refers to the leading causes of illness, disability, and death in the world

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22
Q

Define urbanization

A

the majority of the world’s population is living in the urban area

23
Q

What is the demographic divide?

A

the difference in demographic indicators or measurements and future demographic between the rich and poor countries

24
Q

What is the demographic transition

A

a shift from a pattern of high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality

25
What does the term determinants of health mean?
the interconnected factors that determine an individual's health status
26
List the main determinants of health
-country income -education -nutritional status -socioeconomic status -age -sex
27
Why are the social determinants of health considered to be important?
we want to know which interventions will help in each specific situation
28
Which determinants of health would be most important to the health of a poor person living in a low-income country?
socioeconomic status/income--> affects every aspect of life
29
What is the best indicator of the health status of a low-income country?
infant mortality rate
30
Generally speaking, which population groups have the best health indicators?
-urban because of easy access to necessities -higher income -higher education -ethnic majority
31
Which population groups have the worst health indicators?
-rural -low income -low education -ethnic minority -immigrants
32
Why is it important for countries to keep a vital registration system?
because it can be used to get quality data on a population and their health
33
What might prevent a country from having an effective vital registration system?
-being a low or middle income country -cultural barriers
34
Why do we need to understand the Global Burden of Diseases?
so governments can understand what illness are affecting their country and know where to allocate funds
35
What does DALY stand for?
disability-adjusted life year--> sum of years lost
36
What does HALE stand for?
health-adjusted life expectancy--> number of expected good health years
37
Which indicator (DALY or HALE) is commonly used in global health and why?
DALY because it gives a better picture of how the country is doing
38
What are the 3 global burden of disease categories
1) communicable 2) Non-communicable 3) Injuries
39
As countries develop economically, what are the most important changes that occur in their burden of disease?
-see more non-communicable diseases so low-income has more communicable -better access to care, vaccines, but can have lifestyle changes that lead to non-communicable diseases and longer life
40
How does poor health status affect a person's income?
not everyone has benefits or sick time to cover for their income
41
What part does the education of a mother play in promoting the health of her children?
more educated mothers leads to healthier children because they pass on the knowledge, generally have higher income, etc.
42
Why might the health of some culture groups be different from the health of others?
different practices and beliefs
43
Why did the Guinea worm disease remain prevalent for so long?
-a parasite found in unclean drinking water -remained because of lack of resources and not having the research to know how to combat it
44
True or false: in low income countries 87% of deaths are from non-communicable diseases
false
45
True or false: HIV/AIDS and TB are among the top ten causes of death among adults in low-income countries
True
46
True or false: ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases are the two leading cause of death globally
True
47
True or false: sub-saharan Africa is the region with the highest neonatal, infant, and under 5 mortality rates
True
48
True or false: sub-saharan Africa had the lowest number of maternal mortality ratio
False
49
True or false: the indicator of health status most commonly used in global health work is HALE
False
50
Discuss the impact of climate change and political instability on the health of the population in a country
-climate change affects crops and diet -instability increases poverty and decreases accessibility to medical care
51
Define equity
fairness, give resources based on need
52
Define equality
treating everyone the same, regardless of level of need
53
Define health disparities
differences in health between different groups

Community 2 (7 decks)

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