imunological blood transfusion reaction Flashcards
What is the pathogenesis of an allergic/anaphylactic reaction to blood transfusion?
Type I hypersensitivity reaction against plasma proteins in transfused blood, particularly in IgA-deficient individuals.
When does an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction typically occur?
During transfusion or within 24 hours due to preformed antibodies.
What is the pathogenesis of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Type II hypersensitivity reaction, typically causing intravascular hemolysis due to ABO blood group incompatibility
What causes a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?
Cytokines created by donor WBCs accumulate during the storage of blood products.
how can febrile non hemolytic transfusion be prevented ?
through leukoreduction
What is the timing of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?
Within minutes to 6 hours of transfusion.
What is the two-hit mechanism in transfusion-related acute lung injury
Neutrophils are sequestered and primed in the pulmonary vasculature and then activated by transfused products, leading to pulmonary edema
What is a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
An anamnestic response to a foreign antigen on donor RBCs, typically causing extravascular hemolysis
shows a drop in haemoglobin after transfusion
happens to people who were already seensitized to RBC
When does a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction usually present?
Onset over 24 hours, usually presenting within 1–2 weeks.
what are the risk factors associated with TRALI ?
taking plasma rich products
receiving blood products from a multiparous woman
haemoglobnria and jaundice post blood transfusion ?
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
