Improving EWT accuracy - Cognitive Interview content Flashcards
what has research indicated in relation to EWT in criminal cases
EWT is not wholly accurate or reliable in a criminal case.
therefore it cannot be solely relied upon
what case shows that evidence should be relied more upon than EWT
Crown v Turnbull 1997
who wanted to improve EWT
Fisher and Geiselman 1985
Fisher and Geiselman (1985)
the cognitive interview
principles of the cognitive interview
Report everything
Context reinstatement
Change the order
Change perspective
report everything
report everything that occurred
even trivial details
minor information may cue larger details
environmental cues
context reinstatement
asked Qs in relation to the context of the event - what the witness was doing that day etc.
this would allow them to retrieve information - context cue
change the order
asked to recall all events from a new order such as from the final detail working backwards
prevents the schema influencing EWT
change the perspective
asked to recall events from the perspective of another individual / witness
also prevents the schema influencing EWT
what is the schema + how does it influence EWT
schema = our preconceived perception of how an event should have taken place
it may influence EWT as what we expected to happen may distort what actually happened
summary of principles ( report / context )
recreate incident in immense detail - information triggered by Cues
- environment + context
summary of principles
( order / perspective )
recognises there are potentially 7 pathways to LTM
this method ensures multiple pathways are utilised so memories are accessed
how is bias prevented
interview focuses on the witness not an individual interviewer
when was the Enhanced CI theorised
1992
what is different about the ECI
extra cognitive techniques incorporated such as conversational skills
