Impoved Communications And Transport Flashcards
Why did treaty ports increase growth of water transport in the 1860s/1870s?
Foreigners became interested in controlling inland waterways for access to resources
How many treaty ports were there in 1900 compared to 1842?
50, only 5 in 1842
What canal was the model for development for inland waterways?
Imperial canal
What was the Qing - owned steam ship company?
China’s Merchant Steam navigation company (1872)
What was the name of the European run steam ship company?
Shanghai steam navigation company
What was the issue with the Qing controlled ships?
Qing ships were often weaker as not as expensive due to a lack of funding, in 1877 the Qing had 33 ships but by 1900 23 had run down
What country were the first to use steamships in the 1860s?
Britain
Which country also used gunboats in 1860s?
USA in the Yangtze River
How were Chinese steamships hampered by government control?
Forced to run unprofitable routes Europeans didn’t because profit wasn’t prioritised - forced heavy subsidisation (taxes)
Why were British ships able to thrive in China in the late 1800s?
British bank investment + extraterritoriality so weren’t controlled by Qing
Why did the Boxer rebellion cause issues with water transport?
Foreign steamships were recognised as an issue to be destroyed
What issues did the growth of British steamships in China cause to the economy?
Damaged artisan economy
What issues did the growth of water transport cause to Chinese attitudes?
Westerns powers dominated the waterways , scared the Chinese of change
What are examples of Chinese developments in water transport?
Fuzhou shipyard, modernised navy
What was the significance of the growth of steamships in China to western powers?
The first major western economic advance in China due to the access to all inland China now
Which area of China saw great developments in steel industry in the 1870s?
Baoshan
Why did railways develop faster in the North that the South?
Less need for railways in the South due to more waterways
What occurred due to the development in the Baoshan Steel industry in the 1870s?
1876, uprisings in Baoshan due to anger of ignoring Feng Shi practices) + increased spread of missionaries which led to the boxer rebellion
How did growth in the Baoshan Steel industry affect railways?
1881 - railways used more as a method to move coal to Tianjin Port
Which railway was built in 1897, and what was the reason for this?
1897 Trans Siberian Railway, created to give Russia power over Manchuria
When were China given the Trans Siberian Railway?
1952
Which railway was built in 1904, and what was the cause for this?
French-Belgian railway, tried to connect with Russian railway to create a monopoly in the north - largely due to Scramble for China
What fact about railways after the Scramble for China in 1904 shows the power of foreigners in China?
There were 9000 miles of railway in China, only 120 miles were owned by China
How did the Chinese middle class try and stop foreign control over railways in early 1900s?
Raised money to lay their own rail tracks to stop foreigners
