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ACLS-Adv Cardiac > Important Values > Flashcards

Important Values Flashcards

1
Q

Rank the WBC from most abundant to least:

A 
Neutrophil
lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophils
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2
Q

These two WBC can expected to be seen as increased in asthma

A

Eosinophil & basophils

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3
Q

Name the two most abundant WBC and their percentage & value:

A

Neutrophils: 50-75% 1800-11000 (6x)
Lymphocytes: 20-45%: 900-4500 (5x)

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4
Q

Name the least abundant WBC (3 of them) and their percentages:

A

Monocytes: 2-8% of WBC or 90-1000 (2x4)
Eosinophils: 0-6% or 0-0600
Basophils: 0-1% or 0-100

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5
Q

What percentage of WBC are bands?

A

1-3%

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6
Q

This WBC primary function is to respond to allergy & parasitic infections?

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

This WBC primary function is to release mediators such as histamine in response to allergic reaction?

A

Basophil

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8
Q

This WBC would be decreased in response to stress, corticosteroid use, pregnancy, and hypothyroidism?

A

Basophils

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9
Q

Most short lived of the WBC and its numbers are increased in bacterial infections?

A

Neutrophils

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10
Q

In the case of viral infections you would expect to see which values increased?

A

Lymphocytes, Monocytes

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11
Q

This WBC primary function is viral defense and antibody

A

Lymphocytes

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12
Q

This WBC would be increased during a bacterial infection & decreased in hepatitis, influenza, mumps and overwhelming infections?

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

A left shift of neutrophils indicate a ______ ______ ______.

A

acute inflammatory infection

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14
Q

Its primary function is phagocytizes dead and damaged cells, moves into tissue and becomes macrophages?

A

Monocytes

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15
Q

You would expect to see elevated levels of this WBC during Flu, TB HIV, leukemia?

A

Lymphocytes

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16
Q

You would expect to see this WBC decreased during anemia?

A

Monocytes

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17
Q

This WBC is increased during bacterial infections?

A

Neutrophils

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18
Q

This WBC is increased in viral & parasitic infections, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphomas, and sarcoidosis?

A

Monocytes

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19
Q

This WBC is increased during intrinsic asthma, parasitic infections, dermatological disorders, scarlet fever, Addison’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Eosinophils

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20
Q

This WBC is elevated during presence of sarcoidosis?

A

Monocytes

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21
Q

A normal RBC count for males & females is?

A 
M = 4.6-6.2 mill/mm3
F= 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
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22
Q

A normal HGB for males and females is?

A 
M = 14-18 g/dl
F = 12-16 g/dl
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23
Q

A normal HCT for males and females is?

A

M = 42%-52%
F= 37-47%
normally 3 x the Hgb

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24
Q

A normal BUN is _____ mg/dl.

A

6-20 mg/dl

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25
Q

A normal platelet count is ?

A

150,000 to 350,000 (think 3x)

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26
Q

A person with thrombocytopenia can expect their platelet count to be _____ ; the critical level is _____.

A

Decreased below 100,000

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27
Q

A person with thrombocytosis can expect their platelet count to be ______; the critical level is ______.

A

Increased above 400,000

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28
Q

A major cause of thrombocytosis is?

A

malignancy

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29
Q

What is APTT & what is a normal range?

A

Measures time to clot in seconds; activated partial thromboplastin time
Norm: 25-41 seconds

30
Q

What is PT?

A

Prothrombin time; measures clotting ability of fibrinogen

Normal value: 11-12.5 seconds

31
Q

What is a normal value for Creatinine?

A

M= 0.7 - 1.3
F = 0.6-1.2
Better indicator of GFR & relates to kidney function better; rises later than BUN & also affected by hepatic function ; chronic process

32
Q

What is lactic acid? And when would it be elevated? And what are normal?

A

It is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism; increased values are indicators of hypoxia, CHF, hemorrhage & shock
Norms: 5-20 mg/dl

33
Q

What is a normal Specific Gravity?

A

1.003 - 1.030= very narrow; indicates the concentration of urine;

34
Q

More concentrated urine is normally seen in ______; while less concentrated urine or diluted is seen in _______.

A

More concentrated seen in dehydration;

Less concentrated more diluted seen with high fluid intake or kidney disorders

35
Q

When collecting sputum samples it is important to determine if you have a reliable sample; what can infer a contaminated sample?

A

A large amount of epithelial cells (greater than 25)

36
Q

The most common cause of bacterial infection is ______ _____.

A

Streptoococcus pneumonia (gram +)

37
Q

Significant hypoalbuminemia leads to loss of fluid from vascular space and causes ________ including _____ _______.

A

Edema

Pulmonary Edema

38
Q

The most common screening tests in assessing renal function are ______ and _________.

A

BUN & Creat

39
Q

Normal serum level is maintained at range of ____ to _____ mg/dl.

A

7-20 mg/dl

40
Q

When BUN and creat are increased due to renal failure ____ _____ may also be present.

A

Metabolic acidosis

41
Q

Metabolic acidosis stimulates _____ system to increase ________ and decrease ___________ as a compensatory mechanism.

A

Respiratory system to increase ventilation and reduce CO2

42
Q

A normal anion gap is _________.

A

8-16 mEq/L (remember 16 is key)

43
Q

A high anion gap metabolic acidosis is normally caused by ________.

A

Lactic acid (sepsis), ketoacids, renal failure (sulfates), toxins such as aspirin OD.

44
Q

Clotting depends on an interaction between ____ and ____.

A

Platelets and Proteins

45
Q

_____ is the protein that carries O2 to tissues and a major component of RBC.

A

Hb

46
Q

_____ is the ratio of red cell volume to that of whole blood.

A

HCT also known as packed cell volume

47
Q

_____ is also important to maintain acid base balance by acting as a buffer and by carrying CO2 from tissue to lungs.

A

Hb

48
Q

In anemia when MCV, MCH, and MCHC is abnormally low then the anemia is called?

A

microcytic or hypochromic anemia= red cells are smaller than normal and contain a lower Hb

49
Q

When anemia is present but indices are normal the anemia is ___.

A

Normocytic or normochromic

50
Q

If anemia is present and RBC are larger and has increased MCV then it is called?

A

macrocytic

51
Q

Severe anemia may cause _____ or ______.

A

dyspnea or tissue hypoxia

52
Q

The most common type of anemia is _____.

A

Iron deficiency anemia; can be caused by chronic blood loss; increased RDW is normally seen with this type

53
Q

Patients with elevated RBC and history of smoking may have secondary _________ caused by chronic hypoxemic lung disease.

A

polycythemia

54
Q

What is a normal glucose?

A

70-110 mg/dl

55
Q

A normal daily urine output amount is ______ per day.

A

1200 ml/day

56
Q

A normal albumin level is

A

3.5-5 g/dl

57
Q

A normal TCO2 is _____.

A

23-30 mE/L

Crit value < 6

58
Q 
WBC normal (x10/L)
RBC normal (x12/L)
A
  1. 5-11.5

4. 2-5.4

59
Q

MCV normal:

MCHC normal:

A

80-96%

32-36%

60
Q

If a person has anemia, what values would be decreased?

A

RBC, Hb, Hct

61
Q

Name the 6 electrolytes we commonly see

A 
Na
Cl
Ca
K
Phosphorous
Mg
62
Q

Name the values for the electrolytes from highest to lowest:

A 
Na- 135-145 mEq/L
Chlorine: 98-108 mEq/L
Ca:  8.9-10.1 mg/dl
K: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
P: 2.5-4.5 mg/dl
Mg: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
63
Q

Most electrolytes are reported in mEq/L except _____ and _____.

A

Ca & Phosphorous

64
Q

These two electrolytes have a 2:1 ratio relationship?

A

Ca to Phosphorous

2 Ca to 1 Phosphorous

65
Q

Potassium has a direct relationship with this electrolyte; if one decreases so does the other.

A

Magnesium

66
Q

If you have an increased K level that what would you expect you pH to do? what would the bicarb do?

A

pH would decrease (inverse) and HCO3 would decrease

K has an inverse relationship with pH

67
Q

Phosphorous has an inverse relationship with ______.

A

Calcium; when Ca decreases then phosphorous is excreted

68
Q

What is the relationship between pH and Ca?

A

inverse

69
Q

What vitamin decreases when Ca decreases?

A

Vit D

70
Q

Albumin levels are directly related to _____ levels.

A

Calcium

71
Q

When albumin binds to Ca it makes it _______.

A

Ineffective

ACLS-Adv Cardiac (10 decks)

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